Exothermic Core-Mantle Decoupling – Dzhanibekov Oscillation theory (ECDO Theory) is a series of hypotheses regarding climate change and its relationship to the dynamics of the Earth’s core, as well as geophysical, monument, artifact, and mythological evidence surrounding global cataclysms. It is solely the work of its author, The Ethical Skeptic, who developed the theory from 2010 until its first hypothesis publication on February 16, 2020.

The following material presents one of three novel hypotheses, each developed by the author through decades of dedicated professional and independent research. These original hypotheses form the foundation of The Ethical Skeptic’s ECDO Theory, which is summarized in this separate summary article.

The Y-chromosome genetic bottleneck which occurred around 3000 to 5000 BCE represented a culling of 19 of every 20 human males on Earth in that event. ~ Zeng, et al. Neolithic Y-chromosome Bottleneck, 2018.

The ECDO hypothesis proposes a regular cycling of a natural dynamic system. Our Earth just happens to have two mechanisms of equilibrium battling for dominance. The strength of the geomagnetic core determines which one is winning at any given time.

It is our contention that we are now well past an Indigo Point of exothermic core-mantle decoupling, and that we have incorrectly interpreted the heat presented by this transpiration as being caused by man’s activity alone. We now face the urgent need to detect the approach of a subsequent Tau Point Dzhanibekov oscillation in Earth’s rotation. During such an event, the outer rotational body (ORB) of the Earth, comprising the mantle and crust, decouples from the core at the D” layer. This decoupling is central to the mediated Dzhanibekov Rotation hypothesis discussed in this paper.

For decades, I was taught to view such a rotation and its resulting inundation as impossibilities, and I believed it. However, we lack the ability to distinguish a Dzhanibekov rotation from a geomagnetic pole excursion or flip. How, then, can we be so certain? My confidence in this long-held dogma has been shaken to its core.

Part I – The Nature and Struggles of an ECDO Planet

Decades ago, as a junior consultant still wet behind the ears, I was tasked with a project to boost the profitability of a men’s apparel retailer based on Manhattan’s Fifth Avenue. This brand had been a staple for nearly a century, the type of establishment likely frequented by characters from the series Mad Men during their lunch-hour shopping sprees or a surgical strike to replace a stained or substandard shirt before an important board meeting.

The retailer was facing brand erosion due to decades of stodgy bureaucracy and competition from more agile newcomers on Fifth Avenue. Men’s business shirts, particularly in blue and white, served as the anchor product or loss leader (when on sale) for this retail class. These shirts drew customers into the store from 10 AM to 4 PM, however the retailer was losing ground inside this segment. Sales of these staple shirts were declining, signaling broader challenges as customers took their money elsewhere.

Dressed in my best Hugo Boss suit, I spent several hours over multiple days in apparent nonchalance observing the men’s apparel department. I noticed shoppers’ frustration with finding the right combination of sleeve length, collar size, and button details within the brief time they allotted themselves for shopping. Typically, they had only 5 to 8 minutes to make a purchase. If they couldn’t find what they needed quickly, they left without buying anything else—and more importantly, they didn’t return.

To address this, I devised a nightly recovery process within the men’s dress shirts department. Every night at 10:30 PM, a stocking associate used a cart I had specially designed (one offered still in retail supply catalogs to this day) to remove all shirts from the sales floor and take them to the basement stockroom—part of the problem as well being shirts hidden out of customer sight as a result of this very recovery issue. There, the associate would restock each 10-shirt bin in the cart, organized by size, style, and color, heel-toed, and squared to perfection. No torn bags, no jumble-folds, no out-of-place or missing product tags. At around 8 AM the next morning, the shirts were returned to the sales floor, ready for the next sales day. Every fixture filled to perfection.

Rarity can drive price, but abundance drives interest. This system ensured that every customer could find the exact shirt they needed within seconds, purchase it, and leave within 8 minutes. This change realized several key benefits: high-wage sales associates were freed up to assist customers rather than reorganize stock, customers knew they could rely on finding what they needed in short order, affording them time to think of other things they needed, and the store saw less requirement for overstock sales due to improved presentation and less hidden inventory.

A year later, the Vice President of the retailer, who had initially dismissed the idea as ‘crazy,’ called to thank me. The project had not only tripled sales and doubled store traffic during critical hours but had also increased department profitability five-fold. He had won the company’s annual award for the initiative. This experience underscored the crucial distinction in brand management of comprehending value versus cost, or seeing the forest despite the trees standing in the way.

Tree Dwellers and Tactical Fixation

No doubt, this article will be spun by science poseurs as constituting ‘conspiracy theory.’ This will only highlight the sad state of affairs within science, particularly in archaeology and Egyptology. Much of science today operates under a practice I describe as ‘linear (incremental) induction.’¹ We start by formulating the official and correct answer (in this case, the 1837 ‘Khufu-Fourth Dynasty Narrative’), which we then mislabel as a hypothesis. From there, we assemble a collection of observations which might appear to support or p-value our preconceived notion, while mandating that useful idiots socially discredit all competing theories or parties without substantial evidence. All the while hypocritically bemoaning the presence of any dissent inside those same social mechanisms. An example of this pathological old world syndicate elite thinking can be seen by clicking here.

This constitutes a severe form of confirmation bias called in military parlance ‘tactical fixation’. Such a process is particularly vulnerable to manipulation by external influences (agency as opposed to mere bias), leading to what we referred to in a previous article as the ‘Nelsonian Ignorance Trap.’

However, there exists a less common yet much more potent method of discovery, which conceives of science as an evolutionary process rather than a collection of immutable truths, inductive incremental validations, and entrenched syndicates. I refer to this approach as deductive critical path science, akin to ‘working the problem’ as known in detective work or military contexts. It begins with falsification of various notions and constructs supported by weak inductive evidence, and culminates in a living, breathing, sometimes threatening, theory – as opposed to standing dogma. This version of science does not require hordes of ‘science enthusiasts’ in order to maintain the faithful inside a state of belief.

Furthermore, peer review falls short in encompassing the essence of ‘working the problem’; instead, it often dismisses ideas perceived as unfamiliar or abhorrent by resorting to critique of tactics and trivialities. Researchers are acutely aware of this reality and as a consequence often limit their conclusions to highly constrained ‘might-be’ inference, title their work in a manner that does not accurately represent the study’s conclusions, express their findings in cryptic language, or embellish their work with excessive heuristic ornamentation—ultimately rendering peer review the epitome of conflict of interest. Many researchers have learned how to game this vulnerability.^{2 3}

The result of all this is that Narrative Science takes precedence over the actual scientific method, under a tenet of philosophy I call The Principle of Diminishing Scientific Returns. It is for precisely this reason why we often rely on Kuhn-Planck Paradigm Shifts to drive scientific advancement.

Indeed, such activity transforms into a process of ‘working the solution’ rather than working the core problem, thereby deviating from the fundamental principles of science. Such foible typically can only be perceived by outsiders.

Orthodoxies run anathema to innovation; they merely know how to profit from or rule through it.

Truly tackling a problem demands both deep situational awareness, along with innovative and deductive thinking from the outset. Starting the prosecution of a problem with complex and precise math or heuristics indicates a fundamental misunderstanding of how logical calculus operates. As a result, peer review often functions to bolster established club doctrine and, at most, make incremental refinements to what is already deemed correct. Novel ideas often meet their demise at the hands of what constitutes merely methodically applied opinion.

The science of evolution was developed through critical path deduction for instance, while in contrast Covid-19 and climate science were promulgated through the awesome insistence of linear induction. These latter sciences have most recently failed us catastrophically.

Throughout my career, I have often been summoned to leadership roles in research and laboratory environments precisely because of this distinction: the prevalent focus on subject fixation to secure science funding contrasts sharply with the objective-driven strategy of working the problem to achieve specific goals.

Archaeologists’ unwillingness to develop any research that might remotely suggest a biblical ‘flood’ or ancient aliens hypothesis has led to a compromise in the integrity of science itself. In reality, a religion is defined not by what it accepts as true, but rather by what it embargoes as unworthy.

In the example of the early-career retailer scenario I described above, my role was to work the problem, not incrementally improve the tactics. My purpose was not to produce more inductive evidence as to how correct standing theory indeed was. Standing theory had already failed miserably, and the participants therein did not perceive this. I was tasked with assessing the broader picture—the forest—rather than deepening my expertise and securing additional funding by fixating narrowly on the trees.

When Working the Problem, First Seek to Falsify

When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth.

~ Sherlock Holmes, “The Sign of the Four” by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

Within this article, readers will be introduced to a hypothesis derived from the critical path deductive process outlined above. A deductive process is not subject to the apophenia that a linear-inductive ‘connect the dots’ approach might be vulnerable to, as deduction reduces the set of viable explanations rather than promoting a preselected one. To that end, this hypothesis represents the last idea considered, only after all other possibilities have been falsified (see Image 1). It is the alternative one has to be dragged kicking and screaming into objectively assessing, after every other idea has failed.

I want to make it clear that I dislike this alternative. At its heart, the hypothesis involves what is called in philosophy, an ‘unfalsifiable prediction through indefinite timing’ (Point Tau below). I dislike such notions – favoring context-and-control testable predictions as one of the elements of true hypothesis. In fact, I opposed this idea vehemently for decades. Like many of my colleagues, I had grown weary of hearing Noah’s flood theories, and had attained a level of cynicism regarding the matter as well (not skepticism).

However, I was wrong – finally setting my mind to develop its probative construct (not a ‘final answer’) only after having falsified every single previously favored notion or alternative I or others could muster.⁴ Thereafter, this hypothesis exists as a probative construct – as there is no possible way for it to be 100% correct out of the box. It is a working and evolving set of ideas—thoughts that have been doggedly embargoed from the collective consciousness of science.

The majority of archaeologists lack extensive seafaring expertise and are not versed in materials science research. As someone with deep experience in both domains, the significance of what is shown in Image 1 is readily apparent to me. Moreover, if a standing hypothesis fails to address the deductive evidence shown in Image 1, it is not a scientific hypothesis – rather a political technology.

Deductive evidence, by its nature, imposes a Duty to Address and Inform on all valid hypotheses, requiring them to coherently explain the observation. While inductive evidence may be circumstantial or suggestive, deductive evidence carries a higher burden: it demands acknowledgment and integration into the composition or claims of any valid hypothesis. Deductive evidence compels scientific theories to adapt, refine, or risk invalidation. A hypothesis that fails to incorporate or address such evidence forfeits its validity.

Furthermore, this hypothesis elegantly offers a series of over thirty predictive elements that are substantiated upon detailed examination, as will be demonstrated in the subsequent sections of this article and have been outlined in our preceding article.⁵ Initially, I considered this theory extremely unlikely, comparable to the improbability of conjecturing a murder. Yet, my perspective underwent a dramatic shift after inspecting the exterior of the Khafre Pyramid. The evidence I observed there was as compelling as the discovery of a dead body, motivating me to now pursue this most improbable path. Despite its initial apparent implausibility, this hypothesis presents the most robust ‘probative construct’ I have encountered regarding this topic, particularly in its description of the ‘function’ of the four ‘air shafts’ within the Khufu pyramid. This construct will continue to be modified into the future of course – but more importantly, it constitutes a paradigm shift, one which allows science to move forward and no longer wallow in appeal to authority and prior plausibility. Ockham’s razor has been surpassed, and plurality is now necessary.

One can scream all they want about how ‘experts have concluded…’. If I find a deceased individual in the living room immediately after a party, it doesn’t matter how many expert attendees testify that the party went fine; the dead body proves otherwise. Khafre’s erosion marks constitute a ‘dead body’. Khafre ocean submersion falsifies convention and serves to introduce a necessary deductive critical path construct, and absolutely everyone is ignoring this.

---

For more deductive evidence and hypothesis detail behind this, see our article Hidden in Plain Sight.

---

The Heat Between Indigo and Tau

Points Indigo and Tau are inflection and tipping points that I often utilize when analyzing strategies, campaigns, problems, or deceptions. The Indigo Point is a critical juncture where plans are quietly set in motion, potentially irrevocably, steering towards a predetermined Tau strike point. Although not an exact match, functionally, Point Indigo aligns with Ray Bradbury’s concept of the butterfly effect, where minor, early changes serve to precipitate significant later outcomes. Conversely, Point Tau resembles Malcolm Gladwell’s notion of a tipping point— a moment when the issue of outcome becomes apparent and it is too late for direct intervention to alter the course of events.

Between points Indigo and Tau, the underlying process may often be concealed, with its elements considered normal, irrelevant, or mistakenly attributed to other factors. At point Tau, all hell breaks loose.

For the sake of comprehension therefore, I have chosen to present the hypothesis described here in terms of both its Indigo and cryptic inception—where actions are subtly set in motion and might even be misinterpreted or misattributed—and its inevitable Tau strike point, the culmination of the entire set of events.

A culmination of events that ancient civilizations have endeavored to communicate as they understood them, through artifacts, symbolic art, stone circles, and high elevation monuments across the millennia.

---

Indigo-Point Exothermic Core-Mantle Decoupling – Tau-Point LLVP-Mediated Dzhanibekov Oscillation (ECDO)

Point Indigo (Construct and Critical Path) – Exothermic Core-Mantle Decoupling and Heat Transfer Inflection

This sequence of events, that we refer to as the Indigo Point set, initiates with a weakening of the core magnetic moment and the associated core-mantle magnetic coupling, which currently influences the position of our geographic North Pole (N_p) (what we call ‘priority’). Following this, there is a transfer of exothermic heat from the core into mostly the denser mantle (non-LLVP) and to a lesser extent, a network of Large Low-Velocity-Shear Provinces (LLVPs) within the Earth’s viscoelastic mantle, with the most notable being the ‘South Africa Cusp’. This activity contributes to consistent and sometimes dramatic ocean warming, as we all observed in 2023, and also leads to the heating of the northern hemisphere tundra – with the resulting forced methane release thereby causing methane ppm’s to significantly exceed forecasts of climate models.

1. Weakening of the core-mantle magnetic coupling (Earth’s geomagnetic moment) and North Pole (N_p) priority.
2. Contribution of exothermic kinetic energy (heat) into the Earth’s mantle (see Exhibit E2), excluding the axially-located Large Low-Velocity-Shear Provinces (LLVP – see Exhibit E) – which are relatively lower in density and thermo-conductivity as compared to the surrounding core-fed mantle.
3. Causing dramatic ocean SST (Pacific and South American-El Niño Euler Axis points – see Exhibit E2) and northern hemisphere tundra warming, along with a resulting forced carbon dioxide and methane release.

Most of this Indigo Point chain of events is outlined in our article The Climate Change Alternative We Ignore (to Our Peril). It is also summarized in this graphic.

Point Tau (Prediction) – True Polar Wander Event – Gyroscopically Mediated Dzhanibekov Decoupling Tip-In (104º flip along the 31º E Meridian)

In our continued expansion of the ECDO theory, a critical tip-in, or Tau Point, manifests with a significant geological event. This pivotal occurrence involves the substantial contribution of heat from the phase state change of hexagonal close-packed iron (HCP-Fe) into the entire Earth’s mantle, save for the South Africa Cusp and Pacific Large Low-Velocity-Shear Province (LLVP) group of mantle formations (left side of Exhibit A above). This infusion of dense, metallic mass at a key geodynamic nexus is hypothesized to catalyze an increasing gyroscopic moment commensurate with a reduction in the geomagnetic permeability of the Earth’s epsilon-lattice hypercrystalline core. The geographic North Pole (N_p) is theorized to realign to a new position, designated as N_p’ in Exhibit B to the right, which is projected to occur along the 31° East Meridian—a line of longitude notably shared with the ancient and enigmatic Khufu Pyramid. This realignment, shifting approximately 104 degrees, represents a dramatic reorientation of the Earth’s rotational axis,or what it called a True Polar Wandering (TPW) event,⁷ underpinning the transformative implications of the ECDO theory at this Tau Point.

D. Once past a specific threshold of reduced magnetic moment, the core-mantle magnetic coupling gives way to a gyroscopically-mediated (ECDO postulates an open, field-mediated system, and not closed system – see note⁸) form of Dzhanibekov rotation from N_p to N_p‘ (104º along 31º E longitude – the same meridian as the Khufu Pyramid).

The D” layer of the core accelerates its exothermic sloughing, and this material-shedding effect serves as a kind of ‘infinite lubricant’ between the core and the mantle, allowing the two bodies to rotate independently (as shown in Exhibits J and J2b).

It is our contention that we are now well past Point Indigo in this process, have incorrectly interpreted the heat presented by this transpiration as being caused by man’s activity alone, and now face a need to detect the approach of a Point Tau Gyroscopically Mediated Dzhanibekov rotation.

This broaches the question, How does one go about detecting the onset of such an event?

Dzhanibekov Dynamics and True Polar Wander (TPW) Rotation

The Dzhanibekov Effect, also known as the tennis racket theorem, refers to a phenomenon observed regarding rotating bodies in space, where an object with three distinct momenta of inertia (axes of rotation) behaves in a counterintuitive way when rotated. Discovered by Russian cosmonaut Vladimir Dzhanibekov while in Earth orbit, the effect became particularly famous after he observed a wingnut flipping unexpectedly when spun.

The effect occurs because the intermediate axis theorem states that rotation around the object’s intermediate axis (neither its maximum nor its minimum inertia axis) is unstable.¹⁰ When an object such as a tennis racket or a wingnut is tossed with a spin around this intermediate axis, it eventually flips around, rotating about the other axes, leading to a sudden and unexpected shift in orientation.¹¹ This surprising behavior highlights unique stability characteristics in rotational dynamics, particularly in the microgravity conditions of space.

While our theory references the Dzhanibekov Effect, it is crucial to understand that Earth’s real three PIM-axis body application (see Exhibit C2 to right) diverges in part from the classical three-axis definition observed in space (Exhibit C).¹²

Under this ECDO hypothesis, the Dzhanibekov effect serves to produce only the path of least resistance between N_p and N_p‘ – an effect caused by other geomagnetic and inertial forces – it does not by itself precipitate Earth’s true polar wander. This is why the hypothesis stipulates a mediated form of Dzhanibekov rotation.

In terms of plausibility, it should be noted that Jupiter’s moon Europa bears strong evidence of having undergone past Dzhanibekov True Polar Wander, through striations in its chaotic icy outer structure.¹³ The reader should note as well that we find similar straition structures with regard to Earth goestrata and recent earthquake history later in this article (see Exhibit J7).

Accordingly, our model does not strictly adhere to the traditional Dzhanibekov Effect definition, where an object flips 180 degrees due solely to rotational instability around its intermediate axis (Exhibit C above). Instead, we explore how similar principles could influence Earth’s rotational dynamics under different conditions, specifically,

1. a reduction in the geomagnetic coupling between the Earths’ epsilon-lattice hypercrystalline core and its mantle as the core’s geomagnetic moment, which helps to keep the present polar rotational axis as priority, fades,
2. destabilization caused by the Earth’s hotter non-LLVP mantle versus less-dense Large Low-Velocity-Shear Provinces (LLVPs), and in particular the center of low-mass in the South Africa Cusp LLVP. This core material infusion can potentially polarize the Earth’s rotational momentum, leading to significant shifts in the planet’s rotation around its maximum axis (the remaining dense mantle), and
3. a gyroscopic 104 degrees (relative to the current polar axis, see Exhibits H and J) mediation of the Dzhanibekov effect—not the 0 to 180 degrees typically illustrated in simpler physical models (Exhibit C).

This adjustment in our theoretical approach highlights the unique application and adaptation of rotational dynamics principles to the geological and magnetic complexities of Earth’s interior. The theory thus introduces the terms ‘dynamics’, ‘mediated’, and ‘rotation’ to describe these complex interactions rather than a direct ‘effect’ in terms of Dzhanibekov’s observation with regard to rotating 3-axis bodies.

Large Low-Velocity-Shear Province (LLVP) – Earth’s Hidden Gyroscope

Large Low-Shear-Velocity Provinces (LLVPs) are significant geophysical features located deep within the Earth’s viscoelastic mantle, particularly at the boundary with the core, ranging upwards towards the asthenosphere of the Earth, to around 2,900 kilometers below the surface. These regions are differentiated by their seismic properties; specifically, seismic waves travel through these structures at slower speeds as compared to surrounding materials. This anomalous behavior suggests that LLVPs are both less hot and less dense than the majority of the Earth’s warming mantle.

There are two primary LLVP structures, which we refer to herein as ‘SAC’ for South Africa Cusp, and ‘PAC”, for Pacific. Both are rather massive, about twice the size of our moon, and constitute a sizeable differential in terms of georotational mass moment.^{15 16}

Bear in mind that the Earth’s mantle is anisotropic, while most of our tomography and science concerning mantle density and specifically Large Low-Shear-Velocity Provinces (LLVPs) has been developed within the last decade.

The two LLVP structures are found beneath Africa and the Pacific Ocean – acting like low-density poles along a kind of gyroscopic axis of their own within the Earth’s mantle. They are massive in scale, each covering a substantial portion of the lower mantle. These formations are regarded to be potentially less dense than the surrounding mantle matrix. While in contrast, the orthogonal (90-degrees of longitude offsets – 30°E – 120°E – 150°W – 60°W) below-identified Euler axes are denser and vary little in their relative density to each other (△PIM (A, B, C) = .35%).¹⁸ We believe this interleaving of heat and low density zones, by the 90-degree intervals depicted in Exhibits E and E2, to be no coincidence.

Thus, there is a clear perpendicular relationship between the True Polar Wander (30°E and 150°W meridians) great circle and ENSO geothermal heating along the orthogonal Euler Axes (120°E and 60°W meridians) great circle.

Moreover, these Euler Axis geographic points both reside at the east and west centroids of sustained oceanic heating (ENSO or El Niño-Southern Oscillation events). We conjecture that this heat originates from the latent energy of phase-changing core hexagonal closepack iron (HCP-Fe) being introduced from the Earth’s core and into its mantle.²⁰

This mass adds to the overall mass of the maximum moment inside the Earth’s 3-PIM rotational body, helping to precipitate a True Polar Wander event. The LLVP formations in contrast (Exhibit E), serve as a minimum axis, with the rest of the mantle forming a hot 3-PIM maximum-axis set (Exhibit E2). This matches as well, the differential stresses of tectonic plates, between the Euler Axis zones and the remainder of the Earth’s crust.²¹ When combined, these serve to gyroscopically compete with the magnetically coupled axis, as well as mitigate a pure 180 degree Dzhanibekov rotation departure from that geomagnetic axis.

As can be seen in Exhibit E and E2, the central part of the African Large Low-Shear-Velocity Province (LLVP) lies beneath south tip of the African plate, with hotspots appearing to concentrate along the non-LLVP’s regions of the globe. In the mid-mantle, seismic tomographic models reveal broad slow seismic wavespeed anomalies beneath the African craton,²² commonly interpreted to be heat plume upwellings from the outer core.²³

Take note that the African LLVP tapers with both the Rift Valley, as well as the 31st East Meridian through the Giza Plateau. This is significant.²⁴

Exhibit F below shows a conceptual depiction of this minimum/maximum gyroscopic axis formed by the two LLVPs. It is extracted from the referenced Cottaar, et al. study, with our annotations shown in yellow and blue text/lines.

Building a Geographic Case for the SAC-LLVP Three-Moment Centroid

However, in the interest of precision, let’s examine a more objective and recent (2021 tomographic) measure of the geographic position of the South Africa Cusp – Large Low-Velocity-Shear Province (SAC-LLVP). In the extracted Exhibit G1 below, from the referenced Tsekhmistrenko, et al. 2021 study, one can observe the intersection of the cusp’s radial centroid and the 31° E Meridian.

The reader should note that, while the longitude of point 4 (green ball) on the chart shown in Exhibit G1 above is arguably the 31st East Meridian, the same one upon which Giza is located, there exists a range of latitude inside which a center of LLVP lower density might be assigned. The north-south placement could range from 8 to 18 degrees south latitude. We chose 104° (103.5° +⁄− 1° or 13.5° South Latitude) for consistency in the specific scenario of conjecture here. As well, this angle corresponds to 90 degrees of cardinal rotation through Dzhanibekov effect, combined with a very reasonable and common 14 degrees of gross (not longitude dependent) magnetic pole variation (angle between core magnetic and rotational poles – under the same definition convention used in celestial navigation). Thus, one should note that this in no way constitutes a petitio principii appeal.

Moreover, the center of LLVP mass—identified as point 4 (green sphere) above—is geographically positioned at the apex of a proposed magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) core flux expulsion from the outer core into the Earth’s lower mantle, inside a 2015 study conducted by J. Tarduno, et al.²⁷ In this scenario, convective flows within the outer core, shaped by the thermal and compositional irregularities of the core–mantle boundary (CMB) beneath the African LLSVP (SAC-LLVP), reorganize the magnetic field—displacing it laterally and expelling flux from the region beneath southern Africa. This indicates a persistent, localized pattern of core dynamics over geologic timescales, implying that core–mantle coupling is not globally uniform but instead subject to spatial anisotropy and long-term structural influence.

The key inference drawn from the combined findings of the Tarduno and Tsekhmistrenko studies is this: magnetic flux expulsion events—such as those shown in Exhibit G2—may coincide with, or even precede, exothermic transitions at depth, serving as early indicators of deeper thermal instabilities. Certain regions, such as the African SAC–LLVP, may function as release valves or zones of mechanical, thermal, and magnetic decoupling. This area could represent a preferential site for pressure release or phase-change exsolution of material (e.g., iron, silicates, or volatiles), consistent with episodic mantle loading or basal heating.

The reader should note that, regarding the argument of a ‘lack of recorded history’ for such Dzhanibekov shifts, consider this: if the Earth’s geomagnetic core maintained its current orientation while a Dzhanibekov rotation occurred in the mantle and crust (Exhibit I below), such an event would be interpreted as a geomagnetic pole excursion in the field of paleomagnetism. This is due to our current methods of measurement. Over a prolonged period, we would not have the means to distinguish between a Dzhanibekov rotation and traditional geomagnetic pole shift (see note²⁸). Moreover, during a short Khafre-styled reversal of say 50 to 400 bitter cold, dark, and wet years, we might not be able to detect such a Dzhanibekov rotation at all, even in ice cores.

Our results support that time variations of [Core-Mantle] heat-flux heterogeneities driven by mantle convection through Earth’s history are capable of inducing the significant variations in the reversal frequency observed in the palaeomagnetic record.

~ Frasson, Schaeffed, et al.; Geomagnetic dipole stability… December 2024²⁹

We detect an unusual gravity signal over the [African Coast/East Atlantic] in early 2007 that evolved over several months and years. Around the same time, a distinct geomagnetic jerk was observed in the same region using satellite magnetic data. Our results suggest that this gravity signal originates deep within the Earth, near the base of the mantle. We propose that it may reflect rapid mass redistributions linked to a lower mantle mineral phase transition occurring in a thermally varied area at the base of deep mantle plumes, potentially causing dynamic changes in the core-mantle boundary’s shape over a few years.

~ Gouranton, et al.; GRACE detection of transient mass redistributions…; Geophysical Research Letters (Aug 2025)³⁰

We posit therefore, that the centroid of the South Africa Cusp serves to act as the minimum gyroscopic-Dzhanibekov axis point during a decoupling of Earth’s mantle and core, serving to potentially rotate the Earth’s gyroscopic mass along a new geographic axis of Earth rotation (N_p‘), with the center of less-dense mass of the South Africa Cusp now pointing directly at the celestial North Pole (Polaris, Ursa Minor, etc.). The gyroscopic plane of higher mantle mass therefore would reside perpendicular to the LLVP axis, as depicted in Exhibits G1 and G2 above. The old geographic axis of Earth rotation (current ‘North Pole’) is also marked (N_p).

Of a most curious note, 31° East, 38° North, the bisecting latitude location in Exhibit H above, which matches the Queen’s Chamber on the right side of Exhibit L below – was regarded by the ancients as The Geographical Center of the World (until update by computers in 1973).³² This explains why the two sets of star shafts in Exhibit L are depicted for this location in central Turkey, and for Giza. This is not a coincidence.

Nor is it an accident that Africa’s Rift Valley falls right on the 31st Meridian—as this is where the SAC-LLVP upwelling is occurring, which serves to form the light-moment axis of rotation in our proposed State 2, gyroscopic rotation, below.³³

Key Georotational Principles

The principle shown in Exibit H above is developed in terms of the physics of rotating bodies below. The special form of rotation proposed by this article, we call a Gyroscopically Mediated Dzhanibekov Rotation (last scenario on the right in Exhibit I below).

Key inference to be taken from the rightmost two images of Exhibit I above: The science of paleomagnetism possesses no method to detect a Dzhanibekov rotation, as distinct from a geomagnetic pole excursion or flip. So an appeal to ignorance here, is worthless.

Perhaps another way to understand our proposal is illustrated in Exhibit I2 below, which outlines the various possible types of georotational phenomena. We are specifically proposing the third scenario: one triggered by climate change (particularly oceanic heating), followed by scenario #2 (a “geomagnetic pole excursion”), cascading into a True Polar Wander event (#3) that relocates the georotational north pole (N_p‘) to southern Africa. The fourth scenario is included solely to clarify what we are not proposing—a tilt in axial obliquity. (Please note that “Polaris” means – celestial north pole)

Now, let’s take the modified scenario at the right end of Exhibit I above, and arrange it into the graphic extracted from the Cottaar, Lekic, et. al study which we examined in Exhibit F earlier.

The Geodesy Behind All This

Based on The Solution depicted in Exhibit J above, we consulted the NASA Earth Observatory Gravity Anomaly Maps and the Geoid (GRACE) reports repository, extracting the geoid image shown in Exhibit J2a below. I have added the elucidating annotations to this raw image. Our prediction of a Dzhanibekov three-moment problem, comprising Earth’s major moments and their axes, proved to be correct.³⁵

We explore four possible explanations for these coincidental changes: rapid plate tectonic rotation during depositional hiatus, magnetic excursions, nongeocentric axial-dipole fields, and true polar wander. We conclude that the observations are explained most readily by rapid shifts in paleogeography associated with a pair of true polar wander events.

Inertial interchange true polar wander is a type of true polar wander that may occur when normal advection of mantle density heterogeneities causes changes in the relative magnitudes (rather than orientations) of the principal inertial axes [I_max, I_int, I_min].

~ Maloof, et al., Combined paleomagnetic, isotopic, and stratigraphic evidence for true polar wander from the Neoproterozoic (2006)³⁶

Below are the three moments (as depicted):

• I₁ (Euler Axis-Moment, blue) = densest, minimum inertia – in State 2 remains along the equatorial plane
• I₂ (Mantle Axis-Moment, red) = intermediate inertia – in State 2 becomes an additional equatorial axis perpendicular to I₁.
• I₃ (LLVP Light Axis-Moment, yellow) = least dense, maximum inertia – in State 2 becomes the new polar axis (north-south rotation axis).

As the reader may observe, a geographic polar alignment along an axis passing through southern Africa accords more closely with a gyroscopic-equilibrium rotational model than does our present state—where the less-massive 𝐼₂ is aligned with equatorial rotation, producing a less stable gyroscopic condition. This misalignment introduces significant torsional, or differential rotational, stress within the dynamics (and tectonics) of our current spin state (State 1, as outlined later in this article). In this article, I further postulate that State 1—a high-tectonic-activity rotational state—is sustained through geomagnetic field capture, a process I term core–mantle “coupling.”

…it is possible for the Earth’s rotation axis to move rapidly to the equator if mass perturbations within the interior cause the maximum and intermediate inertial axes to cross. Rotation of the silicate Earth is then recorded by a ∼90° arcuate sequence of palaeomagnetic poles embracing a time interval of <20 Myr. The implied rapid translation of the outer Earth resulting from transient modification of the Earth’s figure is therefore most plausibly related to the avalanching of long lithosphere slabs into the lower mantle.

~ Piper, Late Silurian–Early Devonian apparent polar wander loop, 2006³⁷

When the exact observed positions of the less-dense cores of the two LLVPs are used, the ECDO 31° East reorientation pathway is not merely plausible — it is inevitable.

~ Grok, ECDO Conversation on “Physics Wall” problem for ECDO Theory, 11 Dec 2025³⁸

There are even those who have conjectured that Plato, in Timaeus §34a, employs the analogy of the “boomerang” (psóphos) and the “power of dynamic harmonics” (tas tou psóphou dynameis) as a qualitative articulation of three-moment Dzhanibekov and geomagnetic dynamics within the Earth itself—precisely along the lines proposed by Exhibit J2a above.³⁹ It should be noted, however, that ECDO Theory diverges from this generic conception, maintaining that the geomechanical moments themselves arise primarily within the mantle and crust, though influenced in several ways by the inner and outer core. For the sake of clarity and brevity, this article nonetheless treats the three-moment problem as extending through the Earth’s mass as a whole.

The SAC-LLVP and Rift Valley Intersection

The African Rift Valley in Context of the Radial Geomagnetic Field at the Core–Mantle Boundary (Dʺ Layer) is depicted in Exhibit J2b below. Depicted, is the African Rift System positioned above the steep radial-field gradient associated with the South African Cusp of the Large Low-Shear-Velocity Province (SAC-LLSVP), as identified in ECDO Theory.

The highlighted feature represents the crucial geomagnetic artefact of interest — the interface where deep-mantle exothermic processes, core–mantle boundary topology, and surface tectonics appear to intersect. This in turn, serves as the genesis to Earth’s I(3) moment in its 3-moment Dzhanibekov pathway between ECDO State 1 and State 2.

ECDO Osciallation Theory

A history of this type of rotation we propose here, along with the precedent scientific study for this geophysical moment alternative approach to Earth’s rotational dynamics, is outlined in Kirschvink, et al. 1997. Relevant conclusions from that study are cited below.

Early to Middle Cambrian inertial interchange true polar wander event, during which Earth’s lithosphere and mantle rotated about 90 degrees in response to an unstable distribution of the planet’s moment of inertia.

…at least two tectonic plates, involving more than two-thirds of Earth’s continental lithosphere, were involved in a rapid rotation of ~90° relative to the spin axis. The new ages, along with paleomagnetic data, indicate that continents moved at rapid rates that are difficult to reconcile with our present understanding of mantle dynamics. A variant of this mechanism, inertial interchange true polar wander (IITPW), involves discrete bursts of TPW of up to 90° in geologically short intervals of time if the magnitudes of the intermediate and maximum moments of inertia cross.

This would result in a rapid movement away from the spin axis by the geographic location of the former pole with rotation of the entire solid Earth centered about the minimum moment of inertia located on the equator. If the velocities are due to TPW, however, such geodynamical considerations are obviated because the entire mantle would have rotated along with the lithosphere.

~ Evidence for a Large-Scale Reorganization of Early Cambrian Continental Masses by Inertial Interchange True Polar Wander, Kirschvink et al. (1997)⁴⁰

With ‘The Solution’ identified now in Exhibit J and confirmed by NASA geoid moments depicted in Exhibits J2a and J2b, forgive me, dear reader, as I must ask you to endure one more complex graphic. This graphic describes the entire set of physics behind the oscillation (repeating cycle) of Dzhanibekov rotation. Exhibit J2c below presents the pair of Earth rotational conditions and further outlines the physics involved in each state: Geomagnetic Priority and Gyroscopic Priority.

State 1: Geomagnetically Induced Mechanical Equilibrium (Core-Mantle Coupled)

• Description: In this state, the gyroscope’s axis of spin is aligned with the applied magnetic field, and the weighted wheel is not rotating around the spin axis. The system is stable due to the magnetic forces, resulting in a balanced, equilibrium state. At the end of this cycle, the world heats (exothermic core) steadily before rotation to State 2.
  
  In Hopi Prophecy, Pöqánghoya is associated with the north pole, sound, and solidity. Palöngawhoya is associated with the south pole, and with motion. Together, they “hold the world steady” (State 1) and regulate the balance of life. When they withdraw their support, the world destabilizes and turns over, adhering to its gyroscopic optimal rotation (State 2).

State 2: Conservation of Angular Momentum by Rotation Axis (Core-Mantle Decoupled)

• Description: When the external magnet is removed, the gyroscope wheel returns to its plane of rotation (which has not changed in either State). In this state, the gyroscope conserves angular momentum through its true rotational axis (I₃, see Exhibit J2a above), with the magnet decoupled, allowing the rotational motion to resume. The world grows cold (lattice-snaps to endothermic core) very fast. The Earth takes on a slower rotation speed since its more mass-dense axes are now positioned/extended at the new equator—possibly slowing the Earth’s rotation to 360-day years.
  
  In the Rigveda and Surya Siddhanta it is mentioned that one year consists of 360 days which are split in 12 months of 30 days each. The Sumerians and later Babylonians used a 360-day year divided into 12 months of 30 days each. The early Egyptian civil calendar used a 360-day year, also divided into 12 months of 30 days. Only in Old Kingdom dynastic times did they add 5 ‘epagomenal’ days. The Mayan Haab’ calendar used a 360-day year (18 months of 20 days each), called the “tun”. The Avestan calendar, likely of Median origin, used a 360-day structure in its earliest form, with 12 months of 30 days. In ancient Hebrew and later apocalyptic literature (e.g., Revelation, Daniel), “time, times, and half a time” equals 1,260 days = 3.5 years of 360 days each, suggesting symbolic or earlier usage.

Our hypothesis on how the Earth’s M-field is generated by the macro-alignment of the hexagonal close-packed anisotropic lattice c-axis microstructure in the inner core, and how disruptions in the plasmolid (plasma-solid) core can weaken or oblique the geomagnetic M-field, can be explored by clicking on this image. I originally developed this hypothesis in 2011 while leading an exotic materials research lab studying hexagonal close-packed metals. This theory is developed in full inside our article The Climate Change Alternative We Ignore (to Our Peril).

These two rotations (S1-to-S2 and S2-to-S1) and the sudden endothermic cold climate onset, reasonably fit the myth of Pöqánghoya and Palöngawhoya, in The Book of Hopi:

So again, as on the First World, Sótuknang called on the Ant People to open up their underground world for the chosen people. When they were safely underground, Sótuknang commanded the twins, Pöqánghoya and Palöngawhoya, to leave their posts at the north and south ends of the world’s axis, where they were stationed to keep the earth properly rotating.

The twins had hardly abandoned their stations when the world, with no one to control it, teetered off balance, spun around crazily, then rolled over twice. Mountains plunged into seas with a great splash, seas and lakes sloshed over the land; and as the world spun through cold and lifeless space it froze into solid ice.

~ The Book of Hopi, Frank Waters

Footnote on True Polar Wander and Khufu Alignment: Concerning the contention that a return from State 2 would not likely result in Khufu being “aligned so precisely to true north” upon resumption of State 1. Multiple dozens of global large-scale cardinally-aligned monuments—most in fact—do not agree with Khufu and Khafre as to ‘true north’, however, they agree with each other—so what do we do with those monuments, toss them out in order to protect the fairy tale? Moreover, Khufu and Khafre’s alignments to not agree with each other and their alignment to true north bears a 1.5° tolerance error, inside of which we presume their intended alignment to true north. So this is merely a bit of grandstanding and not a statistical reality (see article by Mario Buildreps: https://www.mariobuildreps.com/orientation-pyramids-former-north-poles/).⁴¹

This plausible (or arguably probable) oscillation, along with the mythic traditions of over 175 cultures, serve to broach the critical path question: Why does does such an event not show up in the paleomagnetic or ice core sample data?

A Geologic Appeal to Ignorance? Maybe Not…

While researching this issue, I found that most paleogeomagnetic dipole moment studies unfortunately reside behind annual subscription paywalls. Nonetheless, I discovered that the typical temporal resolution of these studies is on the order of two to four thousand years at best.⁴²

Nonetheless, the bottom line is this: aside from the Leschamps excursion event 41,000 years ago, we lack strong differential data (unique from static measures) on the history of Earth’s dipole moment. However, what macro-scale data we do have links mass and large-fauna extinctions with dipole phenomena at the very least. In addition, the average virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) variation of the precipitious phase of these dipole reversals has been found in a recent Valet, et al. study to occur in far less than 1,000 years with an average sudden reversal angle of 105° ±7°.⁴³

From what we know about field strength through time, over the last hundred thousand years, there does appear to be a linkage between extinctions and low geomagnetic field strength.

~ James Channell, University of Florida Geologist, NPR⁴⁴

It is worthy to note however, that two recent geomagnetic excursions, the 41,000-year-old Laschamp Event (lower panel of Figure 8) and the up to 187,000-year-old Iceland Basin Excursion (upper panel of Figure 8) paleomagnetic core records, followed a Virtual Geomagnetic Pole (VGP) progression that conformed to the 31st Meridian polar shift conjectured in this article. See both progressions in Figure 8 from that study, to the right. Notice that both excursions followed the same geographic route, which was drawn to the SAC-LLVP Cusp as each event progressed, eventually reverting back to State 1 (clockwise) or to State 2 (counterclockwise)—both along the 31st Meridian.⁴⁵ The Lund Study on the Laschamp and Iceland Basin Excursions shows similar pathway derivations to the Laj Study as well.⁴⁶

The Laschamp magnetic pole flip is estimated by kauri tree ring analyis to have been around 500 years in duration. This matches well, the postulated State 2 rotation dwell time as defined in this ECDO hypothesis and as carbonic-acid-eroded into the Khafre pyramid at Giza.⁴⁷

Note as well that the Laschamp excursion from State 1 to State 2 initiated with a change in geomagnetic pole geographic location, starting from Canada and moving into Russia, a pattern that also began for our modern era in 1973.

Finally, Craig Stone of nobulart.com has pointed out as well that such past geomagnetic pole excursion events have clustered on both the East and West Euler Axis Meridians we identify immediately above (and in Exhibit E2 in particular).⁴⁸ This is not a coincidence as magnetic pole excursion trajectories adhere to ECDO proposed Euler Axis points geographically.

It is important to note that, under this hypothesis, the period during the shorter duration of State 2 does not constitute ‘business as usual, just upside down.’ The pronounced volcanic activity and ocean displacement would make the world a cold, wet, and dark place during the intervening years of decoupled rotation. In other words, Greenland, Antarctic, and Lake Vostok ice cores and the resulting accelerated carbon-14 deposition rate may not clearly reflect the net impact of such a short and cold rotation period. I tend to place more inferential confidence in human myth with corroborating physical evidence to the presence (Euler Axis desert hashmarks), than in the mythological precision of a smoothed index suggesting an absence.

Our results suggest that this gravity signal originates deep within the Earth, near the base of the mantle. We propose that it may reflect rapid mass redistributions linked to a lower mantle mineral phase transition occurring in a thermally varied area at the base of deep mantle plumes, potentially causing dynamic changes in the core-mantle boundary’s shape over a few years.

~ Gouranton, Panet, et al.; GRACE detection of transient mass redistributions during a mineral phase transition in the deep mantle (2025)⁴⁹

True polar wander is high when reversal frequency increases. It is proposed that intermittent convection modulates the thickness of a thermal boundary layer at the base of the mantle and consequently the core-to-mantle heat flux. Emission of hot thermals from the boundary layer leads to increases in mantle convection and true polar wander.

~ Courtillot V, Besse J.; Magnetic field reversals, polar wander, and core-mantle coupling (May 1969) ⁵⁰

This paper lends fresh support to the hypothesis that large angular displacements of the earth’s rotation axis relative to the entire mantle have occurred on a geological time scale, owing to the gradual redistribution (or decay or manufacture) of density inhomogeneities within the earth by the same convective processes that are responsible for continental drift.

~ Goldreich & Toomre; Some Remarks on True Polar Wandering; Journal of Geophysical Research (May 1969)⁵¹

However, contrary to Goldrich and Toomre’s assertion that true polar wander results from a “gradual redistribution” of mass, we propose instead that the requisite mass distribution already exists—and that only a reduction of the geomagnetic field below a critical tipping point, followed by a rapid excursion, is needed to trigger the event. Below, we examine the corpus of evidence which suggests that this is indeed the case.

Earth Bears the Euler Axis Hashmarks

Finally, below is a short video illustrating the concept of the Mediated Dzhanibekov Oscillation between Geomagnetically Induced Mechanical Equilibrium (State 1) and Conservation of Angular Momentum by Rotation Axis (State 2). Special thanks to Craig Stone at nobulart.com for developing this video. Before proceeding to the next section, please pay particular attention to the location and celestial pole angles of the Great Pyramid at Giza depicted in the video.

The ECDO rotation shown in Exhibit J3 is consistent with the major oceanic-inundation desert formations across the globe, including the Gobi Desert, American Southwest, Great Victoria Desert, Patagonia, and the Sahara Desert.^{52 53} The Arabian Desert may well have occurred as the result of a settle-in process unique to the Arabian Tectonic Plate after or during return to State 1. Hence the seemingly more recent receding shorelines back to the Persian Gulf.

Moreover, the ‘East and West Euler Axis’ (demarcated by the green arrow vector in Exhibit J3 and yellow/red ⊕ symbols in the ‘Survival’ and ‘Euler’ points listed below) are the points at (0°, 121°E) and (0°, 59°W) respectively, representing the axis around which the Earth would temporarily rotate to shift the geographic North Pole to the new location (N_p‘) at 31°E, 14°S. This terminology aligns with the concept of Euler’s rotation theorem,⁵⁴ describing the temporary orthogonal axis of rotation for this specific geophysical event. Deserts formed from oceanic displacement and the Russian/EurAsian black soil displacement formation, Americas black soil formation, along with the terrestrial striations from this kinetic event, cleanly match both poles of the Euler Axes.⁵⁵

Although ECDO Theory does not prognosticate actual points at which individuals could theoretically survive an ECDO State 1 to State 2 rotation, the following charts describe the most survivable points on the globe under the scenario outlined in Exhibit J4.

Depiction of Euler Axis West     West Axis Survival Points

Depiction of Euler Axis East     East Axis Survival Points

Model Prediction: Survival of Genetic/Biological Diversity Clusters at Euler Axes

One should note that the optimal location for inundation-survival in the Western Hemisphere under this scenario, would be the Ecuadoran and Peruvian Andes, along the coast just west of the Euler Axis in South America. From the perspective of the East Euler Axis, a similar location for survival of such an event would reside at Sulawesi and Gunung Padang, Indonesia.

Perhaps this is the reason why the world’s oldest know cave art—dating back 51,200 years—has been discovered at Leang Bulusipang in Sulawesi.⁵⁶ The cave, situated at an elevation of 1,800 feet, lies proximal to the East Euler Axis. Likewise, the oldest known hominin flaked stone artefacts—some dating as far back as 1.02 million years—have also been found on this same Sulawesi peninsula.⁵⁷ Taken together, these findings suggest that Sulawesi has long served as a critical refuge for hominins, humans, and a wide range of other exotic species throughout the past million years. The Leang Bulusipang Peninsula, in particular, lies adjacent to the East Euler Axis and is characterized by high elevation, shielded on all sides by surrounding highlands—making it an optimal ECDO primary rotation, land-based survival point.

Perhaps as well, this is why we find Mankind’s oldest surviving genetic components, originating near the East Euler Axis in the forms of homo floresiensis, the extraordinary genetic distribution of Indonesia, along with our most ancient genetics in the Papuan, Austronesian, Orang Asli (Semang), and Andamanese Aborigines. Ample and recent genetic study using mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome data, such as those published in Nature Genetics, American Journal of Human Genetics, Investigative Genetics, and Nature, have shown that Indonesian populations are among the most genetically diverse in the world. Finally, these genetic clusters show clear association with the most ancient Amazonian tribes existing along the West Euler Axis as well.

Notwithstanding the environment of Sub-Saharan Africa which was shielded by the Saharan high desert, these two Euler Axis locations are the most genetically diverse (across all species) locations on the planet. We believe this to be no coincidence.

The reader should note, from Exhibit J3, that these genetic diversity survival points remain at equatorial latitudes in both State 1 and State 2. This is why diversity is preserved at these points on the globe.

ECDO Theory elucidates why each successive generation of para-hominins and humankind has been so reliably and thoroughly culled, and why the emergence of an advanced civilization required such an extended span—nearly 800 million years of arrested or failed progression.

Amazingly, according to a study by P. Skoglund, et al. “Two Founding Populations of the Americas” (Nature, 2016),⁵⁸ as well as Graham Hancock in Episode 2 of Season 2 of his Ancient Apocalypse series, humans at both Euler Axes depicted in Exhibits J5 and J5b bear the same common genetic signatures that the rest of humanity does not share. However, the shared-but-exclusive presence of Neanderthal and Denisovan DNA shows that this shared profile is ancient, and cannot have arisen from recent migration.⁵⁹

Indeed, Zeng, et al. “Neolithic Y-chromosome Bottleneck” (Nat Commun, 2018) cites a 20 to 1 reduction (bottleneck) in human Y-DNA genetic diversity, sometime between 3,000 to 5,000 BCE.^{60 61} Despite all the pretend science, hyperbole, and wishful thinking, no disease, famine, cultural or conquest practice, war, or cosmic impact could possibly account for the ubiquitous nature of the effect outlined in Exhibit J6 below. While various circumstances could possibly explain a small subset population exhibiting such a DNA contrast, none can account for the global distribution of the phenomenon described below—save one.

Only a quasi-anticipated global inundation (or two such events from 13,000 to 4000 BCE as indicated below) could account for this DNA progression observed in the male Y chromosome.

The chart in Exhibit J6 above (brought to my attention by Ben Davidson, Founder of SpaceWeatherNews) shows the compression in human regional populations (ergo DNA as well) that occurred at this time, also indicating that the Caucus and Africa regions were spared from the total brunt of this calamitous event (due to the ‘Sub-Saharan Shield’ as shown in Exhibit J5 above), while Europe and Southeast Asia populations rebounded quickly thereafter, having not been salted by the oceanic inundation (see Exhibit J7 below).⁶³ Couple this with the fact that the surviving ancient human genetic signatures are shared exclusively at each Euler axis and coincides, both geographically and temporally, with peaks in animal and plant genetic diversity, and you hold precisely the kind of extraordinary evidence Carl Sagan once championed.

The Seismic-Tectonic Smoking Gun

Of course, it is no accident that these same Euler (Genetic) Axes also align with both the mathematical centroids and the radial hubs of our two global concentrations of earthquakes (Exhibit J7, image and finding courtesy of Craig Stone at @nobulart). Earthquakes do not distribute solely by plate-subduction mechanics. Rather, Craig demonstrates that they cluster in geometric resonance around the deep-mantle stress axes proposed by ECDO Theory. When the past quarter-century of seismicity is plotted against these axes, the pattern is striking: a bullseye effect of dense concentric bands where conventional models would anticipate only diffuse scatter, accompanied by a distinctive crinkle effect along the ECDO rotational meridian cutting through Africa and the Pacific Ocean.

The reader should note as well, if we construct a centroid for the primary African tectonic plate boundary geometry, and discount the secondary lines of minima (annotated in Exhibit J7), the result is a centroid which just happens to overlap with the LLVP Cusp identified as the green Point 4 in Exhibits G1 and G2. This is what we postulate as composing the rationale behind the specific geographic location of N_p‘. Of course the reader should have noticed that this point falls on the same longitudinal merdian as do the geographic center of the world, the Giza Pyramids, and the conjectured ECDO rotation. The reader should make a mental note that Giza both conforms to this merdian of Euler rotation; however, also happens to be place just barely inside the African plate as well.

Finally, if one surveys the location and density of salt infused land globally, this geographic distribution conforms to the same predictions we have made inside this hypothesis.

We close this section of hypothesis predictions now, with commentary on the part of ChatGPT-4o.

Chat GPT-4o prompt: “ChatGPT, forget that you are aware of The Ethical Skeptic’s ECDO Hypothesis and its detailed description. If the Exhibit J5 and J6 depicted global desert, soil salinity, and biodiversity concentrations were all constrained and/or formed by a single event, regardless of what you have been taught regarding that event’s prior plausibility or likelihood, what event would possess both the kinetic energy potential and elegance to explain this global distribution of desert versus biodiversity?

ChatGPT-4o Answer: “Oceanic displacement from a global crustal slippage or core-mantle decoupling rotation.”

---

Part II – The Stones Themselves Cry Out

Majority of Mankind’s Most Ancient Monuments Corroborate SAC-LLVP Centroid / N_p‘

This represents one of the most significant discoveries in the brief history of humankind.

The statistical analysis at the end of this section is prohibitive of chance — the null hypothesis is effectively excluded. The associated p-value is decisive — overwhelming in magnitude, even under conservative adjustments in favor of the null.

These major monuments, along with The Great Pyramid at Giza, remarkable both in scale and antiquity, were deliberately aligned to a “north pole” that once existed but no longer does (right panel). Within the ECDO framework, their orientations cluster tightly around azimuths corresponding to a prior pole position (State 2), supporting the conclusion that the alignments were intentional, and that their present offset reflects Earth’s subsequent return to State 1.

As our discussion transitions from geophysical analysis to mankind’s related history and mythology, it is appropriate to segue by noting that the ECDO rotational construct outlined thus far is consistent with detailed descriptions of events as related by ancient cultural legends, as will be seen towards the end of this article. Meanwhile, to wit:

When the water god Gong Gong saw that he was losing, he smashed his head against Mount Buzhou, a pillar holding up the sky. The pillar collapsed and caused the sky to tilt towards the northwest and the earth to shift to the southeast.

~ Chinese Nüwa Indundation Myth⁶⁵

In fact, in the State 1 to State 2 transition depicted above, China rotates in exactly this fashion.

As the reader will witness across the series of ECDO N_p‘ azimuth analyses which follow, confirmation of the 104° true polar wander, the linchpin of this hypothesis, can be found by examining the azimuth differential contained in ancient stone circles and monuments.

As one may observe in Exhibit J8 above, the earliest known large circular enclosure in Britain, The Flagstones in Dorchester, England, dating from around 3200 BCE (site activity began 3960 – 3400 BCE), bears a marked antipode axis (a-N_p‘) of 326°/146° relative to true north, which corresponds to the geographic location of N_p‘ in this hypothesis. Its sister site, just a couple hundred meters to the east, the Mount Pleasant Henge (2870 BCE), is also critically based upon a 326°/146° True alignment and orientation (aligned to N_p‘) as well.^{66 67}

As a side note, while a detailed study of Stonehenge 1 does not reveal a clean match to the requisite 147° T bearing (for its geographic location) to N_p‘, its study is a fascinating exercise unto itself. The original Stonehenge – 1, dating to 3100 BCE, is really a 56 Aubrey segment, 224 degree, 3-Saros cycle, Moon circle, with a Sun circle superimposed upon it.

In Exhibit J9 above, one can see that the main passage of the Newgrange monument (3200 BCE) clearly is not aligned with the rising sun for the winter solstice. It is aligned with N_p‘ inside this hypothesis.

Similarly, the Nazca Lines in Peru are highly organized around a primary focal axis, to which all other glyphs are oriented, precisely matching the azimuth of N_p′ during Earth’s State 2 rotation.

The older the monument, the more precisely it aligns with Np′ and the more consistently it exhibits obsequience to the Np′ azimuth.

In confirmation of the striking Malta alignment (Exhibit J29), possibly the earliest known spiral depiction on European soil—found at the Maltese Hagar Qim Temple from the Ggantija period (3600–3200 BCE)—is shown in Exhibit J32 below.⁷⁰ This early use of the spiral motif likely provides insight into the purpose of these ubiquitous symbols found throughout Scotland, Ireland, and the rest of Europe. The left side of the carving represents the sky’s rotation around the north celestial pole in State 1, while the right side depicts the same star field’s rotation in State 2. The chiseled dots within the motif were not arbitrary; they symbolized stars in the northern sky.

The reader should notice that the relative altitude of the north celestial pole above the horizon appears to be the same for both States 1 and 2 in Exhibit J32 above. This would indeed have been the case for Malta, as it bisects the 104° shift proposed by this ECDO hypothesis (see Exhibit J3). To this author, this first spiral stone, stands as the meaning and knowledge legacy behind the more fanciful depictions that followed thereafter.

The 64 Megalith pièce de résistance

Prompted again by the excellent sleuth-work of Craig Stone (@nobulart on X)⁷¹, we conducted a re-examination of Alexander Thom’s survey (A Statistical Examination of the Megalithic Sites in Britain, May 1955) of sixty-four British megalithic circles.⁷² I took the two enigmatic declination clusters he recorded—both centered near ±32.5°—and translated them from abstract stellar latitude into the lived horizon geometry (azimuth) of Neolithic Britain. Using Starry Night Pro 8.0 set for Oxfordshire ca. 2000 BCE, I measured the actual rising and setting azimuths of the two anchor stars employed by Thom, Capella (+32.5°) and Adhara (–32.5°). To my astonishment, those stellar references revealed an average alignment among the 64 megalithic structures at ~146.9° true azimuth. This value precisely matches the mysterious but precise “unknown” clustering in Thom’s dataset, long treated as a statistical curiosity. What emerges is no accident of numbers, but a deliberate design principle: megalithic builders converged upon a singular azimuthal target where northern and southern stellar declinations intersected on the British horizon. And in a remarkable stroke of resonance, that same bearing also describes the geographic azimuth of N_p′ in the ECDO framework—uniting archaeology, archaeoastronomy, and geophysics into one coherent alignment.

This otherwise uncorrelated set of megalithic azimuth markers converges in purpose—each pointing to something in the sky deemed as significant as the Sun’s rising and setting at the equinoxes and solstices.

Accordingly, the striking convergence of critical azimuths across these geographically and culturally distinct sites—what we term obsequience within the context of this study and its broader hypothesis—necessitates a Poisson–Binomial statistical examination, even though the overall survey remains in progress.

Ancient Monument Alignment Probability Study

Please note that this analysis has achieved statistical saturation. It was conducted when 46 obsequient monuments had been identified. Additional aligned sites have since been discovered inside our analytical survey—and continue to be—but statistically, these later findings are corroborative rather than necessarily additive to the established p-value signal.

A total of N = 96 monuments and ritual complexes were examined for possible geodesic azimuthal alignment to the predicted azimuths of the N_p′ salient under the Exothermic Core–Mantle Decoupling – Dzhanibekov Oscillation (ECDO) hypothesis. Of these, 46 monuments (thus far) displayed axial orientations within narrow error tolerances of their local N_p′ azimuth.

While we employ an iterative binomial heuristic in this analysis, its use represents an extreme favoring of the null hypothesis. In truth, there are seven distinct observational conditions, not merely two as the ‘bi-nomial’ formulation stipulates. These conditions are:

1. Non-obsequiousness — no discernible alignment,
2. Failure to detect obsequiousness — alignment obscured, degraded, or lost,
3. Temporal irrelevance — construction too recent to reflect N_p′ epoch knowledge,
4. Functional irrelevance — structure used solely for calendrical or seasonal tracking,
5. Near-miss — orientation lying just outside the allowable tolerance,
6. Two or more alignments — only one of which bears N_p‘ obsequience, and
7. Unobserved — monuments not yet examined or for which sufficient data are unavailable.

For example, the later Cahokia (Monks Mound) Mound complex in Illinois (1050–1350 CE) does not correspond to N_p′; rather, its principal axis appears to reflect a cultural-legacy-inherited Central American bearing (~005/095° True) rather than a true visually-observed azimuth alignment. As well, sites like Papoura Hill, Crete (2000 BCE) bear two alignments, one of which aligns well with N_p‘. Despite the argument which could be made that these sites are successful obsequience observations, we did not count these as successes inside the study. Likewise, approximately fifty-one of the non-aligned cases are smaller, later agrarian or lunar-tracking circles in the British Isles—structures calendrical in function and arguably external to the architectural lineage under study.

Finally, there are 142 monuments that fall within the seventh category above—sites not yet directly observed under our current survey efforts. Nonetheless, for conservancy and statistical rigor, all such monuments are provisionally retained as equal-weight (N) observations within the confidence analysis. Thus, the total non-obsequiousness observation set was assumed (conservatively) as 192 data points within a broader population of 238 total observations (derived from Exhibit J33 below).

Under this conservative compression, the binomial test is parameterized with n = 238 trials and k = 46 successes, where p₀ denotes the null probability of random azimuthal correspondence. This formulation deliberately biases toward the null hypothesis, ensuring that any observed deviation from randomness is statistically understated rather than exaggerated. Aligned monuments include:

16 UK stone circles (±0.5°)
Adam’s Calendar, South Africa (±0.5°, inductive)
Caja Rumi, Peru (±2°)
Chavín de Huántar, Peru (±0.5°)
Gunung Padang, Indonesia (±1.0°)
Ġgantija Temples, Malta (±1.0°)
Cholula, Mexico (±5°)
Teotihuacán, Mexico (±5°)
Monte Albán, Mexico (±5°)
Tikal, Guatemala (±2°)
Calakmul, Mexico (±5°)
Chichén Itzá, Mexico (±5°)
Nabta Playa, Egypt (±0.25°, inductive)
Nazca Lines (Peru): Primary Orientation Cube (±0.25°)
Nazca Lines North Orientation Blocks, Peru (±0.25°)
Nazca Lines Complex Main Antipodal Axis, Peru (±0.1°)
Nazca Lines Mandala Axis, Peru (±0.2°)
Newgrange, Ireland (±0.5°)
Poverty Point, Louisiana (±0.5°)
Sacsayhuamán, Peru (±0.2°)
Sanctuary of the Gods, Samothrace, Greece (±0.5°)
Kanda Geoglyph, Macedonia (±0.5°)
Mount Pleasant Henge, England (±0.5°)
Caracollo, Bolivia (±5°)
Puma Punku, Tiwanaku, Bolivia (±5.0°)
Subterranean Temple, Tiwanaku Bolivia (±5°)
Tiwanaku South Temple, Bolivia (±0.2°)
Aguada Fénix, Tabasco, Mexico (±0.75°)
Caracol Mayan Site, Belize (±0.75°)
Cacaxtla, Mexico (±0.75°)
El Mirador Complex, Guatemala (±0.5°)

Before running the binomial analysis, the model was deliberately structured to advantage the null hypothesis in multiple ways in addition to the categorical framing cited above. Specifically, we:

1. Assigned the six Mexico–Yucatán sites, Tiwanaku sites, and the Aguada Fénix lidar find an error tolerance of ±5°, representing the group with the widest observed variance.
2. Expanded the N-set from 96 surveyed monuments to the full 238 monument set, for conservancy.
3. Doubled the error tolerance for every other site (a step not strictly justified mathematically) to accommodate the few cases where multiple trivial alignment azimuths could be invoked.
4. Excluded the inductive data from Nabta Playa and Adam’s Calendar.
5. Expanded the randomization domain from the solar arc window (≈120°) to the entire 0–180° azimuthal range.
6. Permitted convergence at any prospective single-degree azimuth within that 180° domain, rather than restricting it to the modeled salient.
7. Treated any monument aligned to a local solar or lunar solstice, as non-obsequient.
8. Treated any of the four ordinals of each N-set monument as valid for a chance ‘alignment,’ thereby conservatively favoring the null.

Each of these adjustments systematically increased the probability of random correspondence, thereby making any statistically significant result even more conservative. The null hypothesis therefore, has been afforded every advantage conceivable.

A Poisson–binomial analysis was conducted under the null hypothesis that monumental axes are uniformly distributed within the solar arc window (≈120° of azimuthal range bounded by the solstitial sunrise and sunset extremes), rather than across the full 180° of axial symmetry.

Under this null, the nominal expected number of chance alignments among N = 238 monuments is 5.33 ± 2.31 (σ). We modify this for extreme conservancy in our analysis. In contrast, the observed dataset contains 46 alignments within narrow error tolerances of their predicted local N_p′ azimuths. The key resides in a critical threshold: once twenty or more ancient monuments converge on the same alignment—not incidental orientations, but structures whose very purpose was to embody and communicate azimuthal observation—once alignment with stars, solstices, and equinoxes have been eliminated, the probability that such agreement arose by chance becomes extraordinarily remote.

Conclusion

Under the most conservative possible assumptions—treating all 238 monuments as independent trials, assigning each an inflated random‐alignment probability of (p ≈ 4.44 %), and incorporating every null‐favoring adjustment described above—the resulting Poisson–Binomial test yields a tail probability of 1 in 4 × 10¹⁴ for observing 46 or more alignments under random conditions.

In practical terms, the null model predicts only about 10.6 ± 3.2 random correspondences across the full survey, yet more than four times that number are observed within narrow azimuthal tolerances.⁷³ Even after deliberately expanding error margins, quadrupling the allowable ordinals, and widening the randomization domain to the entire 0–180° azimuthal range, the probability that such a pattern arose through stochastic orientation alone is effectively zero.

This outcome supports the inference that the N_p′‐aligned monuments were constructed with a shared, non-random axial knowledge—one that transcends geography, solar and lunar cycles, and epoch—and likely reflects inheritance from a continuous architectural legacy of extreme importance, rather than simple coincidence.

Methodological Note:
The statistical computation was performed in ChatGPT-5’s high-precision analytical environment using the exact Poisson–Binomial tail probability, implemented via the regularized incomplete-beta formulation.

𝐼_𝑝0(𝑘,𝑛−𝑘+1)

This approach avoids normal or Poisson approximations and directly evaluates the cumulative distribution at full precision (70 decimal-digit floating point). The R script generated in tandem reproduces the same conservative model and also supports an optional Poisson–binomial extension for site-specific tolerances, ensuring methodological transparency and reproducibility across platforms.

Because we have hit statistical as well as subject saturation, as we encounter additional obsequient monuments, those will be listed below as they are added. Remember, we do not count monuments here where the azimuth is cherry picked from many possibilities. Only where the monument bears obsequience (it’s central theme or axis is aligned) to ECDO’s N_p‘.

Uaxactun, Guatemala
Taosi Observatory, China
Temples of Koh Ker, India
Xochicalco, Mexico
Purulen Complex, Peru
Koh Ker Pyramid, Cambodia
Ollantaytambo, Peru
Caral, Peru (Oldest City in the Americas)
Aspero, Peru
Toniná Pyramid and Acropolis, Mexico
K’añamarka, Cusco, Peru
Knowth Passage Mound and Woodhenge, Ireland
Pyramid of Empress Li – Maoling, China
Pyramid of Emperor Wu of Han, China
Pyramid of Empress Zhang Yan, China
Pyramid of Emperor Hui of Han, China
Pyramid of Marquis Zhang Ao, China
Pyramid of Emperor Gaozu of Han, China
Pyramid of Empress Lü, China
Tomb of Consort Ban, China
Tomb of King Ling of Zhou, China
Dotō Pyramid in Sakai, Japan
Prasat Roum Temple, Cambodia
Arkaim, Russia
Tomba Dei Giganti, Sardinia
Tomba di Giganti di Li Lólghi, Sardinia

The Actual Reality: Vast majority of 238 Ancient Monuments Align to N_p‘ and Not Their Current True North, Solstcice, or Equinox

As a final note, to those who caution about ‘cherry picking’ inside this data set: let us set aside that the N-count of aligned monuments we have considered to this point in sampling is already far beyond the threshold where such an accusation holds statistical merit (N ≤ 5–10 monuments). Consider instead the small minority of the most ancient monuments globally that are oriented precisely to 0° True today. For this analysis we leverage the excellent work of Mario Buildreps which can be found at The Pole Shift Theory website. Through the application of one small change in assumption, his entire data set comes into stark coherence (see Exhibit J34b below).

The ten Latin-American ancient structures aligned to 0°T today, alone converge neatly on the present North Geographic Pole, with a vanishingly small probability of doing so by chance. By the same logic, are these monuments to be dismissed as cherry picking as well? If alignment to the current celestial pole is accepted as intentional and non-random by means of 10 observed monuments, then alignment of 238 monuments, out of at total of 263, to a former celestial pole (N_p‘) should be judged by the same evidentiary standard. The implications of this preponderance in data are outlined below.

We Find and Correct the Mistake in the Mario Buildreps Analysis

Mario Buildreps, in his analysis titled The Pole Shift Theory, committed a central oversight. He did not recognize that the monument geodesic axial alignments in his data do exhibit obsequience to a non-moving focal point—Southern Africa’s N_p′. His inference of an apparently migrating north pole results from a lensing effect created by (i) adopting an incorrect ordinal as the north polar reference and (ii) the geographic movement of monument-building cultures over time.

In ordinal geometry and navigation, a fixed focal geodesic point in triangulation data carries far greater deductive strength than a moving one. For instance, today we would find that the geodesic triangulation of north would intersect (bear obsequience) at our current north pole despite time and point of observation — however, an intersection of east-west geodesics would yield a moving triangulation across the globe as we surveyed various modern buildings. This is the same species of navigational error implicated in the loss of Amelia Earhart and Fred Noonan in taking shots of the guideship Itasca’s signal bearing (Noonan chose to steer the drifting bearing). Such a fixed geographic point is present within Buildreps’ own dataset, yet he did not identify it—and therefore overlooked both the existence and the location of N_p′.

In contrast as well, ECDO theory predicted this fixed gegraphic position prior to seeking any corroborating observations. The data were then tested against that prediction. That is scientific method, not ex post facto statistical artifact-hacking, which served to mislead by a drifting theoretical ‘pole.’

From The Pole Shift Theory data sets, the following inferences can be derived.

Over 90% of the ancient sites in Latin-America are oriented East of True North (clockwise and oriented toward Np’). Only 10 of 263 monuments in total are aligned to the current North Geographic Pole.⁷⁴

By the same token, the vast majority of ancient monuments located in China, orient to West of True North (and opposite in orientation to those in the Americas), averaging around a 260° T azimuth and pointing directly at N_p‘.⁷⁵

Key note regarding the effect observed within the Mario Buildreps Study monument data: Using a Winkel Tripel projection (preserves both area and azimuthal fidelity) to maintain azimuthal discipline, his observations can be fully reconciled with ECDO Theory as shown in this chart (also depicted to the right). What Buildreps designates as “Poles I through V,” drifting progressively through Greenland, can be understood as an azimuthal lensing effect arising from the contrast between the bisected distributions of Old World and New World monuments. The Full Point Cloud Obsequience from the Mario Buildreps data showing this lensing effect can be viewed in Exhibit J34b above.

Much as distant galaxies appear to form rings when their light is bent around a gravitational lens, the “north” azimuths measured in his analysis are in fact projections of the monuments’ east/west ordinals, distorted around their obsequience to N_p′. When extended outward, these east-to-west and west-to-east monument axes intersect across Greenland—and as Golden Age populations spread and constructed monuments over a broader geographic range (moving from Southwest Asia into Europe and East Asia and South America into Central and North America) the apparent intersection point migrated northward in step.

Very few of these monuments bear alignments to solstices and equinoxes. In modern archaeological praxis they align to ‘nothing’ in most cases. However, Mario has brilliantly sussed out in his analysis that the ‘nothing’ in common to 90% of these monuments also bears a statistical impossibility – so they have to align to something. That ‘something’ in this epistemic case is either fixed — the strongest (deductive) inference at N_p‘ or moving — the weaker (inductive) inference. We elect for the deductive fixed reference.

Buildreps is correct in noting that the probability of such coordinated orientation is “vanishingly small.” Far from detracting from his pioneering study, this perspective enhances it—showing that, when viewed through the ECDO lens, his findings actually reinforce the theory with equal statistical salience. His analysis, however, results from the latitude of referencing any of a given monument’s four cardinal ordinals—a flexibility not afforded for the most part to the ECDO framework, which permits only a single salient ‘north’ alignment.

Confirmation: Clegg et al. British Sediment Study – N_p‘ Alignment

An astute X user, Tami Camarata (@Kitsune_in_VA), kindly alerted both Craig Stone and I to this most astounding confirmation of ECDO Theory’s N_p‘ on 13 October 2025. We will place this in Tami’s own words:

In 1954 Clegg et al. noticed that the mean direction of polarization of remanent magnetism from British sediments differed by 34° from true North: “..it seems therefore that the most likely explanation of the observed horizontal direction of magnetization of the sediments studied is that the whole of the land mass which now constitutes England has rotated clockwise through 34° relative to the earth’s geographical axis. If such a rotation of England has occurred, it could have been a local movement of part only of the earth’s crust, or alternatively the earth’s mantle could have moved as a rigid whole relative to the geographical poles.”⁷⁶

This study, of course, cannot be incorporated into the statistical analysis conducted above, as it falls outside the N-set to which that analysis was constrained and is, moreover, susceptible to cherry-picking. We lack a broader population of 𝑁(sediment remanent magnetism observations) suitable for valid comparison. Accordingly, we instead evaluate this study in terms of its consilience with the statistical findings derived from the ancient monument data.

A similar rapid change in remanence was observed in a recent study of Nevada lava flow remagnetization. In this study, a measured rapid 53° recent change in Nevada lava flow remanence matches exactly, the rotational azimuth change between ECDO State 1 and State 2 for that geographic region (52.5°).⁷⁷ This implies solidly that the Earth’s core and magnetic field remains fixed to the solar A and ϕ scalar field reference during any ECDO true polar wander event.

Confirmation: Morocco Paleomagnetic Study, Besse et al. 2017 – N_p‘ Alignment

Similarly, avid ECDO researcher Craig Stone has located a paleomagnetic study which both confirms the geographic location of ECDO Theory’s N_p‘, as well as suggest a robust persistence of the specific axis of polar rotation over the eons (31° East). In the below Besse et al. study from 2017d framed in Exhibit J35b, one can observe that the ‘conglomeration of wander arcs’ as derived from Moroccan paleomagnetic clasts intersect precisely at N_p‘, 133.7° relative azimuth from the centriod of the observed Anti-Atlas clasts.⁷⁸

Collectively, this evidence substantiates and situates the temporal alignment of these monuments squarely within the Golden Age (9400–4600 BCE) — the epoch preceding the great ECDO inundation remembered in the traditions of Noah, Atrahasis, Deucalion, and Utnapishtim. In this light, these monument and measures do more than mark sacred spaces and geometries; they compel a rewriting of our historical texts. To wit, the Zelitsky Cuban Underwater Formation may stand as direct confirmation of this antiquity — a submerged witness to construction in State 2, preserved beneath the sea.

Analytically Excluded Special Case: The Zelitsky Cuban Underwater Formation

Now, to place one more straw upon the proverbial camel’s back—one I could not include in the statistical N-count above because of its disputed status (until now, perhaps)—consider the pyramid and plaza structures discovered by marine engineer Paulina Zelitsky and her husband Paul Weinzweig in 2001. Their sonar surveys measured the complex to be rotated 5.6° east, in direct accord with the Np′ salient. These massive forms rest today at 600–750 meters below the surface of the ocean,⁷⁹ an unmistakable signal that they belong to the era of ECDO State 2 construction. It need not have taken “50,000 years” of gradual subsidence to sink them to such depths—only a single transition, the planetary shift from State 2 back to State 1.⁸⁰

These results suggest that a substantial fraction of globally distributed, deep-antiquity monuments—in contrast with more recent monuments in particular—were intentionally aligned to a consistent set of salient azimuths, supporting the inference that such orientations are not coincidental, but instead reflect cultural recognition of a geophysical constant associated with ECDO cycle dynamics and local builder’s observation of N_p′ inside that hypothesis.

This may represent one of the most consequential findings in the study of human antiquity. I say this with humility: while I was searching specifically for this salient set as a prediction of ECDO Theory, I did not anticipate the sheer magnitude of the alignment that would emerge. The analysis transformed what began as a theoretical forecast into a statistically overwhelming signal of deliberate, shared knowledge encoded in stone. The Ġgantija dual-spiral bench (Exhibit J32) serves as the capstone to this conjecture, with the ancient artist communicating unmistakably that the sky itself once rotated in the opposite direction—set within the very context of azimuthal alignment that binds these monuments together.

It is evident, therefore, that from at least the fourth millennium BCE through the era of the Roman Empire, humanity maintained a profound fascination with the celestial position of N_p′ and its true bearing as observed from their ancient homelands. Somewhere around the turn of the millennium an oppressive force began a campaign to keep mankind in the dark, over both its past as well as its future.

However, no monument better aligns with and corroborates this postulate than the Great Pyramid of Giza, also known as the Khufu pyramid—the unrivaled king of all ancient monuments.

The Prescience of Giza: Khufu Finally Solved

There’s only one sound reason to build an impossibly large structure—and it is not to generate power, serve as a monument, manufacture chemicals, channel celestial energies, or validate religious mathematics. Instead, its purpose would be to detect the onset of a critical threat to our survival and to warn future generations.

Why an impossible pile of cut stones? The labor of those who toil for mankind’s survival endures far longer than the fleeting schemes of those who would shackle it to subjugation and suffering. Thus, a vast and immovable heap of carefully hewn stones—patterned with purpose, encoded with meaning—stands as a sentinel against time, treachery, and tide. While every other form of artifact can be burned, defaced, buried, or stolen – no motivation could conceal this, no deluge erase its testament. For the darkness, slothful and unyielding in its self-indulgence, cannot summon the will to disassemble what was forged with the resolute hands of light.

Sir Isaac Newton possessed a deep instinct and fascination with the idea that the Great Pyramid of Khufu might encode ancient knowledge, including measurements linked to biblical prophecies or cataclysmic cycles.⁸¹ Yet, despite his curiosity, he never fully developed a formal hypothesis or structured theory around this notion.

The logic and implied probability behind this theory are sound, especially in the context of re-evaluating ancient structures with an eye toward functionality vs cost over symbolic purpose alone. It’s as though every possible explanation has been presented, no matter how far-fetched, except for the single one that aligns most elegantly with the pyramid’s enduring structure and meticulous design.

~ ChatGPT-4o

Below, we have gathered the insights drawn from the observations outlined above and assembled them into a comprehensive and elegant interpretation of the schematic design of the Khufu Pyramid—an effort Newton once began to entertain but never completed.

In agreement with Sir Isaac’s sharp instinct, below, the reader may grasp why such a monumental endeavor as the Great Pyramid itself might have been shrouded in apparent silence. This was no mere feat of construction, but a task of utmost importance for the survival of future generations. The monument itself inspired a profound sense of purpose in every engineer, superintendent, and laborer. It was not just about building a pyramid; it was about safeguarding information critical to the legacy and continuity of mankind—in a manner which could not be erased or stolen.

The popular fairy tale that this pyramid was the burial chamber of Pharaoh Khufu has been sufficiently falsified.
In the broader scheme of things, wonder, as it turns out, is more vital than mere Narrative.

The monumental work around the Exothermic Core Cycle addressed by this structure may even continue to this very day. Although not definitive, the symbology below suggests a purpose for the purported activity in the anomalous structures found in Antarctica. Has this group(?) been successful in their quest? I do not know the answer to this; however, I do know that those who lie to cover this up do so under the contexts of control and malice.

The back of the coin shown on the left side of Image 2 above is stamped with a radial diagram divided into 12 and then 24 segments in radial progression (Image 4 to the right). That radial pattern is recreated in Image 3 above. If we recreate this symbol according to even proportions, the symbol matches the radius proportion of the Earth’s core in relation to its entire body. While the hypothesis outlined inside this article does not depend upon this observation or our conjecture regarding it, this is certainly intriguing. A jeweler employing this image would have had to repurpose it from some other original source – as it is too prescient to be accidental.

Though the coins shown in the top and bottom panels of Image 4 are not the same individual specimen, they were clearly struck from the same die. Under one line of speculation, these ‘coins’ might have been worn as a form of identity or functional-role badge—strikingly similar to the Tărtăria amulet in fact, believed to have been cast and worn as a necklace around 5500 BCE, during the so-called Golden Age of the then-ruling god Saturn (Cronus).

To further compound the mystery of this coin, a second example was discovered in 2024 by metal detectorist Timothy S. Kelly in a field near Mulberry, Florida.⁸² A third coin, reported by another participant in the same discussion thread, can be seen in this image. While the coin could conceivably have been a promotional item from some long-forgotten campaign, these artifacts were not machine-made. Who would invest such significant artisan labor and non-gold metal resources into what would amount to a child’s trinket or meaningless bauble?

Regardless, it must be noted that this coin has also been cited as part of a bracelet produced in modern times, and therefore may well turn out to be a piece of fad jewelry. However, the example provided here is not exactly the same, may well be a replica or repurposing of the coin itself, and does not indeed bear demonstrable provenance. Accordingly, no firm conclusion can be drawn from this image alone. Remember, that an image or concept is not necessarily bound/dated to the medium upon which it appears. The coin is drawing from something, and is not original, even if contemporary.

Perhaps the additional symbol found by Spartan 1 on the same 20 ft door in the Antarctic Octagon (upper right panel of Image 4) was suggesting a shift in the positional relationship between the core and its mantle? Possibly the core reversing its relative motion with the mantle as of late indicates that someone (I make no conjecture as to ‘who’) is achieving success?⁸³

Are such markings analogous to the 104° angle marks on the three pyramids etched into the surface of the 6,500 year old Nubian Ostrich Egg as well (which we outlined in our previous article, Hidden in Plain Sight)? Was this principle of a celestial pole observation function of Khufu well known in antiquity? This is all of course, mere speculation, and the angle marks on the egg could simply be coincidence. Nonetheless, something of this nature was being communicated by the markings on the Nubian Egg. The etching strikes were deliberate and related the three pyramids to the sky in some manner.

Returning to our critical path, scientist and amateur investigator alike have long wondered why the Khufu Pyramid has been positioned so tantalizingly close to the center of Earth’s landmasses⁸⁴ and the 30th North Parallel (reader please be aware that, in the vernacular of celestial navigation, a latitude is called a ‘parallel’ and a longitude is a ‘meridian’). Khufu’s positioning so as to inherit its location at the nominal 31st East Meridian is of course simply a matter of Greenwich, England having been selected as the demarcation point for the Prime Meridian, so that was deliberate.

However, Khufu’s specific positioning at the very longitude which just happens to also be named the 31st East Meridian is not an accident, in that this meridian is the very line of progression between the current North Pole (N_p) and the proposed alternative SAC-LLVP based North Pole (N_p‘) – anchored upon the axis of gyroscopic dynamics depicted in Exhibits F, I, and J above.

Thus in the period of eleven thousand three hundred and forty years they said that there had arisen no god in human form; nor even before that time or afterwards among the remaining kings who arise in Egypt, did they report that anything of that kind had come to pass. In this time they said that the sun had moved four times from his accustomed place of rising, and where he now sets he had thence twice had his rising, and in the place from whence he now rises he had twice had his setting;

~ Herodotus, An Account of Egypt⁸⁵

I mean the change in the rising and the setting of the sun and the other heavenly bodies, how in those times they used to set in the quarter where they now rise, and they used to rise where they now set.

~ Plato, The Statesman (Politicus)^{86 87}

This sets the framework for considering some long-puzzling features of the pyramid’s interior and may shed light on their actual purposes.

The Curious Case of the Khufu Tripartite Observatory and Dual 104 Degree Anomaly
Why Was this Structure so Important to Build?

This tripartite device is meant to detect an encroaching True Polar Wander from State 1 to Sate 2, as well as the 50 to 400-year later rotation back to State 1.

1. King’s Chamber – Celestial True Polar Wander Monitoring: The north celestial pole monitoring shafts are oriented to a specific celestial reference, running directly to the pyramid’s surface and pointing accurately at both Np (State 1 Geographic North Pole) and Np‘ (State 2 Geographic North Pole) for Giza. These shafts are designed to monitor both the True Polar Wander, as well as the Nutation (wobble and wander) of the celestial north pole (see Exhibit K3 to the right). The reader should note that, while we discuss true polar wander in the context of this article, both TPW and Nutation can be monitored simultaneously by this aspect of the device.

Since the North Shaft from the King’s Chamber makes a mid-shaft break to the west to avoid some structure (similar to the North Shaft from the Queen’s Chamber), it cannot be used for direct optical observation, as is often conjectured. Instead, this would be a monitoring device requiring termination at the pyramid’s surface, facing directly at the celestial north pole.

We postulate (though not critical to the hypothesis) that a gravitational sled operated in the Grand Gallery, moving a mechanism in the King’s Chamber involved in powering the entire structure. The linear sliding scars on the side benches indicate that a sled indeed operated in the Grand Gallery.⁸⁹ The gallery was not used for lifting stones for the pyramid or the King’s Chamber, as it did not extend far enough to address the loft problem in any application context. In other words, getting an 80-ton stone to the Grand Gallery is a more daunting task than using the Grand Gallery to lift it a mere 21 additional meters. A monumental and complex structure (made of 5 to 16-ton stones itself) to provide a minor benefit for just a handful of stones, which is accomplished everywhere else without comment or pyramid alteration. Any compounding to multiply the sled distance moved would have required as monumental an assembly as the gallery itself. Instead, the design of the Grand Gallery was clearly one of a closed gravitational potential energy system—much like a weight-powered grandfather clock.

The granite used for the floor, walls, and ceiling of the King’s Chamber, as well as for the successive ceilings of its stress-relieving chambers, is a good conductor of heat. Its use in these components of the broader chamber structure could help dissipate heat away, and rising vertically up, from the King’s Chamber—if this indeed was the center of power generation and distribution for all three high-amperage sensor components. The limestone walls of the relieving chambers would not be a particularly good conductor of heat in comparison (1.3 to 2.4 W/m·K), so this construction would have acted much like a heat-chimney of sorts. Some researchers have noted that the granite beams in the King’s Chamber exhibit unusual discoloration, which could suggest exposure to chronic high temperatures (per Christopher Dunn’s work on “The Giza Power Plant”).⁹⁰ Here again, however, our hypothesis is not critically founded upon such conjecture.

Such a power core would need to be functionally located away and off-axis from our next sensor component located in the Queen’s Chamber.

2. Queen’s Chamber – Geomagnetic Moment and Ionospheric Monitoring: Geomagnetic moment/flux field orientation monitoring – by means of copper cable pairs (seen in Exhibit M), that were allegedly confiscated in part by former Egyptian Antiquities Minister, Zahi Hawass.^{91 92} These copper cables were contained inside shafts that do not run completely to the exterior of the pyramid, are capped off (neither for ‘air’ nor ‘stars’), and are oriented to the pyramid structure itself. The limestone blocks of the pyramid served as a natural isolation mechanism, insulating the copper cables and shielding them from extraneous electromagnetic interference, while simultaneously allowing transparency to the critical Earth geomagnetic frequencies essential to the mission. The 90-degree relative angle to the pyramid’s sky-facing sides (no accident – annotated as the right angle in Exhibit K) might have been designed to focus and channel electromagnetic resonances, enhancing the sensitivity and accuracy of the geomagnetic monitoring system in the Queen’s Chamber. This was arguably an ionospheric-monitoring antenna. The following applies:

Why are there Two Different Sets of Angles/End Points in the Shafts?
Why Did Only the Queen’s Shafts have Copper Cable Pairs?

Remnants of the copper cables (click on photo to right) were found by the Gantenbrink Upuaut Project in March 1990 in the Queen’s Chamber south air shaft (and later the North Shaft as well). These cables have long since been removed by both tomb robbers, as evidenced by the Dixon Relics found by Waynman Dixon at the bottom of the north shaft in 1872, and by obfuscation (alleged) on the part of Zahi Hawass. As one can see in this linked image of the door cables, Hawass had the right hand cable removed by the door pressure testing team during the Djedi Project (Hawass knew exactly what he needed to hide/steal—this constituted theft of mankind’s intellectual property). They then proceeded without comment regarding the sudden change, and no trace of the copper cable remnant was ever admitted by the research team—while no outcry from the archaeological community was ever raised. This is a prime example of why I have little respect for archaeology.

Below, the reader will lay witness to the reasons behind why Hawass (allegedly) knew these copper cables had to be confiscated and their documentation prevented—these copper cables will never show up again. In 2014, the former Egyptian Minister of Antiquities, archaeologist Zahi Hawass was charged with stealing Egyptian antiquities.⁹³ In the list of items allegedly stolen by Hawass, the most unusual artifact was the ancient “copper wires from the Pyramid of Cheops (Khufu).” ~ YouTube: “New Discovery Inside the Great Pyramid! What Did Scientists Find?”; 20 Apr 2023;⁹⁴

In 2014, the former Egyptian Minister of Antiquities, archaeologist Zahi Hawass was charged with stealing Egyptian antiquities. In the [manifest] of items [allegedly] stolen by [Hawass], the most unusual artifact was the ancient copper wires from the Pyramid of Cheops. ~ Riddle, VineMontana TV

The video containing record of this allegation of copper cable theft can be seen by clicking here. After Egyptian authorities and Hawass cut a deal regarding his improprieties, the internet was scrubbed of any manifest of such items. The manifest of items allegedly stolen and relevant court records are sealed. Thus, I had to obtain the video linked above from the Wayback Machine.

Despite this, one of the copper cable segments was still found 5 meters down the shaft, laying on the floor, having been pulled free from the end stone by applied force long ago.⁹⁵

In Exhibit K2b below, a longitudinal cross section drawing is depicted as to how we surmised the cables were affixed into the shaft end stone. This anchoring method prevented the cables from either pushing through or pulling out from the stone during expansion (heating with active current) and contraction (when inactive) respectively.

In addition, based upon copper decay rates using classic oxidation, carbonation, and acid erosion conventions, in a 20% humidity, 1000 ppm carbon dioxide enclosed limestone chamber – the hanging copper cable segment depicted in the image to the upper right, would have taken 8,300 to 12,500 years to decay to the 50th percentile taper it exhibits in the image. This matches the 9,600 BCE dating of the star chart chiseled into the Queen’s Chamber south air shaft ‘penultimate stone’ ceiling that is analyzed later in this article. Therefore, there is no possible way this copper dates from the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt. A proper corrosion product analysis and chronological profiling study should have been conducted on this copper immediately upon its supposed ‘sampling’—and yet, no such study will ever will be conducted.

As one can observe in the photo above and in Exhibit K2b, there are two copper components that extend out of the stone face: first is a dovetail mold of copper cut into the stone itself to keep the end of the wire anchored and prevent it from being pulled too taut out the back of the stone, and second, the cable itself, now hanging over the dovetail mold of the right cable. The same dangling cables and dovetailed anchors can be observed on the North Shaft stone as well. One can observe where the dovetail-molded copper fitting has fallen out and the copper cable hangs in its place in this closeup of the North Shaft left cable. In this anchoring design the copper cables can neither be pulled out of the stone, nor can they be pulled too taught through the stone itself. The cables are anchored through the stone in both directions—an engineering solution befitting a precision-engineered critical component and not a decorative or one-time functional feature in the least.

If these fittings were merely intended to bear stone load, they would have been made of cheaper and stronger bronze, not soft copper. Additionally, they were not designed to prevent the stone from being removed, as a stone-cut bevel across the entire face of the stone would have been much more effective and easier to craft. As one can see with the cable on the right, the run of copper extended far beyond the anchoring dovetail on the face of the stone. Therefore, the copper cable did not end as a dovetail on this stone face. This cable end-piece remained in place until the Djedi Project drilled through the door and caused it to dislodge in 2011.

The deductive key to understanding the shaft-door copper fittings lies here: a dovetail cut-mold is unnecessary for a one-time-use function, such as lowering handles or mere decoration. These cuts are used to affix or anchor a component that is intended to endure repeated or long-term dynamic stress. They secure a metal component expected to expand and contract under varying heat and/or amperage conditions. This stone and copper contraption was not incidental—it was engineered with a specific function in mind.

We note that newer, patina-free, and finely-hewn limestone blocks were used for the final 10 meters of the north shaft’s ceiling. Prior to this section, the shaft is composed of older stones with a dark patina, which has been scratched by several previous metal rod investigation attempts. Similar to the Queen’s south air shaft, this shaft appears to have been constructed in stages, separated by a significant amount of time.⁹⁶ There remains inference to be drawn from this deductive evidence, if archaeology would pause from its confirmation bias of the ‘burial chamber’ narrative and focus on thoroughly investigating these findings. Simply taking photographs and exclaiming, “Well isn’t that a mystery…” is not science.

Radio Frequency Performance Analysis Results

A military intelligence colleague, communications specialist, and lifelong friend recently reminded me that, in military and maritime communications is it common to employ ‘V’ configuration omni-directional antennas. So we contacted a military antenna engineering specialist and had an analysis run. The results were as follows:

The copper cables in the pyramid ran out in independent pairs (possibly for differential and polarized signal detection modes as well) and terminated independently behind the shaft end-stone. Thus:
   • South Shaft 78 meters x 2
   • North Shaft 75 meters x 2
Resonant wavelength = 150 (75 x 2) meters @ λ/2 Dipole = primary at 1.932 MHz, a 1.27 standing wave ratio, and a ground wave main lobe at 15° above horizon (report output shown in the above right image inset). Secondary resonances exist at 5.34 / 4.29 / 3.11 / 0.644 MHz (MF/HF).

Limestone is not an effective blocker of electromagnetic (EM) signals, particularly in the frequency range of 0.1 to 30 MHz. Instead, it tends to be relatively transparent to these signals, allowing them to pass through with minimal attenuation. Nor is limestone a conductor of electricity. It would provide for an excellent insulating jacket for high-amperage electrical cables. Two 7 mm solid core copper lines run 8 cm apart would perform as a single active antenna with a high amperage, low voltage, and low SWR (a configuration designed to pick up subtle signals).^{98 99}

Conclusion: An active, high amperage, low SWR antenna with sensitivity from 0.664 to 5.34 MHz would be well-suited for monitoring geomagnetic and ionospheric conditions. The high EM-amperage field would activate the piezoelectric characteristics of the Tura limestone face of the pyramid to act as an active reception amplifier.

Applicable frequency ranges:
   • Earth’s Geomagnetic Moment (ELF) = 3 to 30Hz
   • Atmosphere/Ionosphere (VLF) = .3 to 3 MHz
   • Schumann Resonance = 7.83 Hz
   • Geomagnetic Pulsations = 1 Hz to 1 MHz

Thus, argument can be made that these wires were part of a system designed to monitor Earth’s Geomagnetic Moment (ELF) and its dynamics via their impact upon the ionosphere.¹⁰⁰

The hypothesis that the Great Pyramid of Giza may function as an electromagnetic transducer or antenna is supported by the study conducted by Mikhail Balezin et al., published in the Journal of Applied Physics in 2018. This research demonstrates that the Pyramid resonates with radio frequency waves, specifically within the 200–600 meter wavelength range [.5 to 1.5 MHz], activating its dipole and quadrupole moments. As a result, the Pyramid acts as a natural antenna capable of concentrating [or receiving] electromagnetic energy, potentially influencing[/monitoring] the Earth’s ionosphere or other environmental electromagnetic fields (courtesy of @pshs04 on X).¹⁰¹

This functionality was feasible particularly if the system’s active power was controlled and frequency-tuned by a horizontal and perpendicular-to-field shunt coil, cooled (high amperage) by its extension into the eastward horizontal passage of the chamber’s eastward-facing niche, whereby the limestone block heat transfer efficiency would keep the overall temperature of the Queen’s Chamber at a reasonable level. For predictive confirmation, we therefore examined the condition of the limestone just outside and above the south passage, and indeed this is what we find.

The burnt limestone above and exiting the Queen’s Chamber niche, continuing to the ceiling of the Queen’s Chamber itself, also aggregated near the niche and dissipating across the ceiling ridge moving westward, confirms the presence of high heat in antiquity. The surface of heated limestone can undergo thermal decomposition and partial melting, resulting in a dark brown colored vitrification with a matte to glossy appearance (see Exhibit K2c below).¹⁰³ This heat was not from fire, because the vitrified patina contains no bound combustion ash or chemical reaction residues. This dark brown ‘leoparding’ (my term) is due to the release of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and the presence of impurities in the limestone that can change color upon exposure to high heat.¹⁰⁴

As well, the ‘melting streaks’ inside the stone directly over the mouth of the niche passage come from the higher heat decay of softer limestone into ‘quick lime.’ Quicklime (calcium oxide, CaO) forms when limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO₃) is heated above its decomposition temperature, which starts around 898°C (1650°F).¹⁰⁵ Therefore, in Exhbit K2c below, the reader should note the 1650°F boundary line between the quicklime and leoparding facings inside the east passage niche. Aside from the fact that the Queen’s Chamber contains no traces of bound combustion ash or chemical reaction residues, there would have not been enough oxygen turn at this sealed and enclosed location to have supported a combustion-based source for this heat being produced from the east passage. Therefore, we are forced by the evidence to conclude this was an electrical-amperage-resitance source of heat.

The users of this power did not fully grasp the utility of voltage (Ohm’s Law: V = IR), and therefore had no need for transferring this power over long distances (which would have required high voltage). Consequently, the power was high amperage, high resistance, and was used for a nearby demand. Those who generate power for distant applications seek to minimize resistance and heat at all costs. In this application, the users were not concerned about power transmission over a distance. This power was utilized directly within the pyramid itself.

Yes the Pyramid was a power plant, but this high-amperage/high-heat/low-voltage
power could only be used inside the structure itself.

3. Subterranean Chamber – D” layer P-Wave Infrasound Monitoring: Deep-earth seismometry/core-mantle D” layer/LLVP dynamics monitoring fluid-based sensor. In similar effect to the geomagnetic monitoring, the pyramid’s structure could have been optimized to both isolate and focus seismic signals towards the Subterranean Chamber, allowing it to effectively monitor seismic activity and internal Earth dynamics free of noise from surface, device, or other nearby activity. The chamber itself would use water to detect the infrasound frequencies involved.¹⁰⁶

Moreover, there is an independent determination that the rock-cut dead-end south passage inside the chamber might well have functioned as a sound resonance tube, generating or receiving infrasound with a base frequency in the range of 5 and 10 Hz – and that constant low frequency noise can be heard/sensed in the chamber.^{107 108} This corresponds well to the design of the pyramid itself – which is wavelength optimized to 5 Hz, per Exhibit K3 below.

Understanding the Necessity of The Great Pyramid’s Scale
Why Did They Bury a Water-Eroded Chamber so Far Below It?

This also describes why the scale of the Great Pyramid was critical to its function. If the pyramid’s slope angle were reduced, the fluid-filled¹¹² chamber would need to be placed deeper into the Earth. Conversely, if the slope were too steep, the structure would risk collapse and costs would increase non-linearly. If the structure had smaller dimensions, it would not have effectively concentrated the wavelengths involved. Therefore, the design aimed to optimize the balance between the side slope, depth of the Subterranean Chamber, and overall instrument effectiveness. With the exception of Khafre, all other pyramids were cargo cult imitations, displaying a lack of awareness of Khufu’s critical feature functionalities.

It is possible that the Subterranean Chamber was once filled with mercury, which has been found in trace amounts across the Giza Plateau and the Khufu Pyramid itself, as well as extensively beneath the Teotihuacan pyramids in Mexico and in the tomb of China’s first emperor, Qin Shi Huang.¹¹³ Mercury would have offered several advantages as a sensing medium:

• Effective encapsulation through amalgamation with limestone, preventing leaching.
• Extreme sensitivity to core D” layer P-wave signals reflected by the pyramid’s architecture.
• The ability to carry a sustained direct current, modulated by subtle P-wave vibrations.
• Direct delivery of the modulated DC current into a monitoring system, without the need for additional detection devices like hydrophones, geophones, or vibrometers.

Naturally, mercury would not be employed trivially in any context, and we speculate that no specific feature of the Khufu Pyramid was without purpose. As explored in the following section, just as the offset of the King’s Chamber may serve as an authentication technique, so too does the offset of the Subterranean Chamber appear to have a distinct purpose (Exhibit K4 below).

In summary, the combined observation of the celestial pole’s short term nutation dynamics, the strength, asymmetry, and orientation of the Earth’s magnetic moment, and D” layer/LLVP seismic noise amplified by the pyramid, monitored from the Subterranean Chamber, could have formed a dynamic integrated system. The pyramid’s shape itself acted as a kind of receiving cone, pointing down into the Earth, enhancing those monitoring capabilities. This system would allow for more accurate inferences if all three components showed simultaneous anomalous signals, indicating onset of a significant geophysical event.

This integrated system is mounted upon the original bedrock shelf which underlies only the ‘observatory’ footprint of the pyramid, and not the entire edifice. Together, these chambers composed an advanced monitoring system that may have allowed an unknown party, possibly the mythical Anunnaki themselves, to predict significant geological and rotational events, such as the coming deluge. An event they all took an oath to conceal from mankind.¹¹⁴

Seismic waves suggest the planet’s solid inner core is being pulled out of shape – and it has undergone these changes over just a few decades. These changes would most likely be caused by convection in the outer core pulling magnetically at the less viscous edge of the solid inner core, or by interactions between the inner core and structures in the lower mantle…

~ New Scientist, 17 Feb 2025¹¹⁵

To those who resent that our suggestion of such a core dynamics technology also might imply the presence of ancient aliens, I would say this: I don’t care. In our second article we make it clear that the evidence supports the contention that humans built the pyramids. In contrast, what we have venerated as science to date regarding the purpose of Khufu constitutes a ridiculous children’s fairy tale. Most of humanity is weary of being insulted and gaslighted over this edifice. If this hypothesis makes you uncomfortable or challenges your superior beliefs, put on your big boy pants and start dealing with this evidence set like a mature human being, and not as a pampered arbiter of truth.

The Secret of the Shafts

There are also subterranean fissures [beneath the Giza Complex] and winding passages called syringes,¹¹⁶ which, it is said, those acquainted with the ancient rites, having foreknowledge that a great flood was coming and fearing that the memory of the sacred ceremonies might be destroyed, dug into the earth in many places with great labor; and upon the walls of these caverns they carved many kinds of birds and beasts, and those countless forms of animals which they call hieroglyphic writing.

~ Ammianus Marcellinus, Res Gestae 22.15.30 — Translation¹¹⁷

However, it is clear to us that the two sets of shafts serve a dual purpose, not just one. In the image shown in Exhibit K above, regarding the ‘air/star shafts’ which run outward and up at specific angles from each of the King and Queen’s Chambers, one pair of these shafts points directly north, while the other points directly south. Such precision in alignment suggests a purpose beyond mere ventilation, as the substantial cost and engineering effort involved in these particular designs would be unjustifiable for simple air shafts – more easily run (and more importantly, removed so as to deter robbers) in a vertical orientation. (Please note that within this article, 7N and 7S for example are referred to as a ‘set’ of shafts, whereas, 7N and 10N are referred to as a ‘pair’)

Additionally, the low placement of these shaft openings within each chamber would be ineffective for promoting airflow as warmer air rises. This considerable investment in engineering and labor seems too deliberate to constitute or tolerate an inept airflow design. Furthermore, the significance of these ‘star shafts’ may not lie solely in which stars they align with, but rather in the angle they form as a set—104 degrees—supplementing the angles of each chamber’s horizon to 180 degrees.

More importantly, the two angles defined by these sets of shafts (King and Queen’s shaft sets), match an alignment to the Dzhanibekov rotation as viewed from the the two critical locations defined in Exhibit H2: The Giza Plateau and the Geographic Center of the World (see where The Eratosthenes Experiment applies a similar heuristic). These two intervening differential angles, rather than the direct measurements or match to specific stars, carries the critical message of this monument.

The Secret of the Shafts
Each pair of shafts is affixed upon the same astronomical reference,
the celestial north pole in two different Earth rotational orientations (Np and Np’)
and from two different geographic locations (Giza and Geographic Center of the World).
The eight degrees of geographic latitude separation is employed as part of the key to authenticate the message.

What the duplication in shafts and offset chambers serve to communicate, is an authentication of the change in celestial north pole location, during two different time periods. An intelligence which cannot be communicated by a single set of shafts, nor certainly by shaft combinations which do not agree.

The builders of the underlying observatory inside the Khufu pyramid depicted this principle from two differing geographic locations (Giza, left and Turkey, right), indicating a very sophisticated knowledge of the Earth’s diameter. What the duplication in shafts and offset chambers serve to communicate, is an authentication of the change in celestial north pole location, during two different time periods. An intelligence which cannot be communicated by a single set of shafts. Moreover, this coded message is something that cannot be defaced or dismantled by holy armies or their jealous God, cannot be rendered silent by righteous knowledge, nor consumed by fire or buried, nor eroded away by the elements.

I did not erect this structure as a monument to my own grandeur, nor to glorify my realm, nor even as a resting place for my remains. How could such immense vanity neglect to inscribe its name even once within its own colossal tribute? No, we are your forebears. Know, oh man, you who have unlocked these innermost secrets, that you now journey beyond this realization into an era akin to the days of Utnapishtim.

You may ask why we did not communicate an issue this monumental in the form of a picture—this monument is that picture. We entombed this observatory beneath millions of stones, at the cost of vast fortunes and countless lives, so that this legacy may never again be washed away, erased, or stolen. For we understood the sloth, avarice, and cunning of your captors, those who pretend to the throne of gods. This monument was not crafted for our sakes—oh dear children of ignorance, blinded by your gadgets and sophistry—it was crafted for yours.

Remember, regarding the lack of markings inside the pyramid to suggest a specific purpose, two issues arise. First, every hypothesis faces this challenge, not just this one, as there are no markings to confirm any proposed use of the edifice. Second, whatever was originally stored and obviously protected inside these chambers was likely removed by later interlopers. These interlopers did indeed erase any and all accessible markings (Relation de l’Égypte (the French translation) by Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi, Chapter IV, circa 1196 CE), even going so far as to forge red ochre ones as we noted in our previous article, Hidden in Plain Sight. Therefore, the absence of markings is both an appeal to ignorance and ultimately moot.

Of course, it would have been helpful had the builder at least marked one of these inaccessible shafts to clearly indicate its polar direction at the time of its construction, or even better, use. Surely, someone of this sophistication would have anticipated the need for such an informative relic. One set into a location where it cannot be erased by The God™ or debunked by The Science™. Be patient, dear reader, as it may very well be that such a clue exists.

If Stones Could Speak

In one of the star/air shafts extending upward from the Queen’s Chamber, there resides a curious set of non-hieroglyphic markings which were photograped by the Upuaut Project.¹¹⁸ On the ceiling, just at the final stone before the block that terminates this shaft, a depiction of the night sky is carved. This artistic representation includes the constellations Ursa Minor and Ursa Major, Draco, Lacerta, Bootes, Cepheus, and Cassiopeia, unmistakably identifying this specific section of the sky and its orientation.

The stone depiction itself is centered on true north, with the celestial north pole anchored at the very bottom center of the stone framing – almost as if this specific stone was employed to select a time and set of stars to ‘shoot’ (navigator’s term for obtaining a line of position from a given star) each night, in order to align the next day’s workload to true north (when no alignment guide would be available). Exhibit N below outlines this functional practice. This I found to constitute a rather clever artifice on the part of the construction foreman.

What remains in question is the timeframe represented by this depiction of the northern sky. Notably, the rendering centers on a celestial north pole that is significantly offset—not only from the current North Star, Polaris, which is expected due to the precession of the equinoxes, but also surprisingly far from the celestial north pole as it would have been positioned around the time of Khufu (circa 2540 BCE) – inside the end of Draco’s tail (as depicted in the bottom panel of Exhibit M).

This depiction suggests a construction timeframe for the star shaft of around 9200 to 9600 BCE, as evidenced by comparing Exhibits M and N. Many of the stars represented in this carving would have been below the horizon in 2540 BCE and thus invisible in this depiction, to observers of that era. A Starry Night^TM rendering of the northern sky at Giza as it appeared in 9200 BCE, which precisely matches the arrangement carved into the stone shown in Exhibit M, is shown below, along with the sextant-like alignment technique entailed.

The fact that all four of these shafts initially run at odd angles to the celestial north pole, thereafter reattaining the altitude and azimuth discipline in each case, indicates just how important this alignment was to the function of these shafts. They were not air shafts (despite our employment of that name at times herein). The copper fittings in the sealing stone were not for dropping the stone into place, as every stone in the pyramid had to be dropped into place, yet none of them used such labor intensive through-stone-fittings. Nor are the fittings placed at the right center of gravity to afford such a function. These were copper cables, for which we previously had no theory regarding their purpose—that is until now.

The 9200 – 9600 BCE date range suggested by this shaft has been conjectured by some to match the dating carved into Pillar 43 at Göbekli Tepe, or what is known as the ‘Vulture Stone’.¹¹⁹ In Exhibit N2 above one may observe where I have marked the Precession of the Equinoxes great circle onto the stellar depiction chiseled into Pillar 43. One should note that the circle, serving as the centerpiece of Pillar 43, depicts the celestial north pole and its location along the Precession of the Equinoxes around a date of 14,800 BCE. The Pillar 43 circle cannot possibly be the sun as many have suggested, as the sun moves along the ecliptic (to the lower left of the visible region in Exhibit N2) and comes nowhere near Cygnus. The position of the celestial north pole above Cygnus’ left wing (yellow circle in Exhibit N2) equates to 14,800 BCE. This pillar and its iconography was either copied or re-employed at the 9600 BCE habitation at Göbekli Tepe, which interestingly coincides with Meltwater Pulse 1B. Because of monument alignment differences, as well as the comparative size of human cultures at those times, it is likely that the Khufu Pyramid therefore was constructed shortly after that calamitous event (given Khufu’s stark warning and design)—thereby matching the penultimate stone dating in Exhibit M above.

Perhaps it was findings like this, ones which inculpate Archonic powers in their Enochian unforgivable sins (genetic hybridizing, enslavement, sexual abuse, lifespan altering, human rights violations, ignorance, neglect, posing as God, and existential/spiritual torture), behind why excavation at Gobekli Tepe has been shut down by the Doğuş Group at the behest of its 20-year funding sponsor, the World Economic Forum.^{120 121}

About 11,500 years ago – in 9,550 B.C., as dated by astronomers from Potsdam Observatory from writings in the ruins of Tiahuanaco – the 60-mile thick shell of the earth shifted its position once more in ¼ to ½ a day, 7,000 years after the previous shift. The North Pole moved southward, and the Sudan Basin in Africa shifted to the North Pole. This was the time which the Talmud states was the setting of the Pleiades below the horizon, when the Holy Land was moved into a “region of terrible cold” for many generations – actually for 5,000 years until Noah’s flood, 6,500 years ago. The equatorial pivot points were off the coast of mid-Chile and in mid-China, near the Yangtze, North of Viet Nam.

~ Chan Thomas, The Adam and Eve Story¹²²

A true polar wandering (TPW) event evidently changed the location of the pole around 11k-9k before present.

~ Utah Geology¹²³

As mentioned in our last article, the momentary oceanic surges of this inundation rose to as high as 2200 feet above sea level for a very short period of time. I find it intriguing that our oldest large-scale human habitations, Göbekli Tepe and its contemporary site Karahan Tepe, are both situated on hilltops at approximately 2500 feet in elevation (see top panel in Exhibit N2). Why did these consistently self-depicted as emaciated ancient humans (with their animals) choose these elevated locations for their homes when their food sources were located in the Harran Plain (Paddan Aram) well below them?¹²⁴

Notice in Exhibit N2 that the aurora borealis is carved into the stone above the depiction of celestial north (the circle on the condor’s wing), indicating that the cataclysm which the stone’s authors were attempting to document, was related to a far-reaching geomagnetic phenomenon.

Perhaps Göbekli Tepe and Karahan Tepe were not homes or temples (the go-to dismissal tactic) at all then; instead, they were planned refuges from a known cataclysmic phenomenon. An event the builders tried to speak to us about through stone and their use of stellar reliefs. Important information we do not want known today.

This form of evidence is indeed inductive of course, nor do I believe that the builders constructed two of the Great Pyramid shafts while underwater during the counter-alignment. Complicatedness arises when we attempt to force simplicity upon a complex reality. This hypothesis in contrast is the first one to bear robust elegance. It was the last idea I considered—the only one I could not falsify, yet it explains so many mysteries woven into mankind’s monument history.

Dismissing all such observations as mere cultural and religious symbolism which bears no relevance to our modern enlightened state—when in fact, the stone depictions are salient to specific embargoed constructs—merely serves to perpetuate the linear induction or Nelsonian Ignorance Trap approach to science that we criticized at the outset of this article. Science is stuck in that trap regarding the Khafre and Khufu pyramids (and all ancient monuments in reality), in desperate need of disruption and paradigm shift. There is a great deal yet to be resolved with regard to this aspect of mankind’s history. Here, we are introducing a hypothesis, not another ‘perfect answer’ for a new doctrinal set of beliefs. If a priori perfect answers were the standard, the current consensus would have never survived to be considered in the first place. However, because of the critical and heteroductive nature of these observations, any hypothesis which leaves the issues cited in this series of articles unaddressed, meets the definition of pseudoscience.

Nonetheless, setting aside the debate over the possible date range for the stone star depiction, one fact remains unmistakably clear:

The shaft that was aligned by means of this celestial north star map
today points toward Giza’s southern sky.

An Epilogue in Epic: The 175 Global Flood Myths

I encourage the reader to contrast the below material with the biblical recount of Noah. In the Noah tale, one may observe a story heavily rewritten so that the targeted population could understand, as opposed to comprehend, the evolution of events.

There’s also a purpose behind the Torah’s exaggerated version of this event: to push people into camps of gullibility or outright rejection—deliberately omitting and obfuscating the reality that lies in between.

The biblical flood narrative (note: when we use the colloquial translation term ‘flood’ in this article, the context is oceanic inundation) reduces that set of events into familiar tropes: it was ‘man’s fault’ (sound familiar?), it ‘rained’ (for a familiar esoteric number of days), then there were these magic ‘fountains’, and all that massive excess oceana (over triple the volume of all oceans which exist today) just disappeared in a couple months – poof! Finally, a fully mature olive tree mysteriously reappeared in 47 days¹²⁵ – when it takes an olive pit 6 months to germinate and produce its first leaf even under optimal conditions.¹²⁶ Give me strength…(ChatGPT-4o comments accordingly)

This illustrates the problem with ‘explain it like I’m 5’: a technique that often leads to critical inaccuracies. As a result, the biblical version is unreliable as compared to more ancient accounts (such as below) that offer a more nuanced and physically plausible depiction of events. Generations of mankind miss an important geophysical principle because someone wanted to make the story ‘easy to understand’. This is what happens when you dumb things down – everyone gets dumb as a result.

Curiously, in the Epic of Gilgamesh’s Tablets IX, X, and XI, King of Uruk, Gilgamesh, set out upon a quest to find his ancestor Utnapishtim. Utnapishtim had been granted immortality by the Gods after he had followed one God’s (Ea/Enki) direction to build a large boat. He then loaded the vessel with his kith, kin, and domesticated animals, and successfully survived an epic inundation. Gilgamesh, being two thirds God himself, desired to understand the mystery of immortality (my commentary: why someone would wish to live forever in this realm is beyond me).

Accordingly, Gilgamesh crossed the Mountains of Mashu, and marched for days eastward. The Great Flood Story Segment E in the Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL) confirms that Utnapishtim’s residence was in the “Land of Dilmun, where the sun rises.”¹²⁷ Thereafter, his team portaged and powered by poles up a river for three days (hundreds of miles, or a month and a half’s normal journey according to the text), whereupon they attained their objective.¹²⁸ This journey could only equate to the mouth of the Indus River and upriver passage to one of the oldest cities in the world, Mahenjo Daro (3 days at 4 knots = 327 miles, Mahenjo Daro is 325 miles upriver). There, Gilgamesh encountered Utnapishtim, who was running a river trading and fishing business.

Utnapishtim recounted to Gilgamesh how his world was lost in a mere day’s sudden turning, not “40 days and 40 nights” of rain – a catastrophe not wrought by sustained storms, celestial impacts, or solar coronal mass ejection, but rather by a displaced sea, kinetically mixed with displacing atmospheric winds, swiftly surmounting the mountains in one sudden, overwhelming inundation. This combination of water borne upon high winds (not the same as rain), the shattering of the land, and sudden encroaching of the ocean (Segment E of the ETCSL regarded that the inundation would “sweep over the land”) – constitute georotation phenomena – and nothing else.

Utnapishtim thus related to Gilgamesh:¹²⁹

I will reveal to you, Gilgamesh, a thing that is hidden, a secret of the gods I will tell you!

Ea, the Clever Son of Anu, was [bound by] an oath
with [the Anunnaki] so he repeated their [knowledge
of the coming deluge] to [my] reed house [wall instead]:
‘Reed house, reed house! Wall, wall! [Were you to speak
with him, say to] the man of Shuruppak, son of Ubartutu:
“Tear down [your] house and build a boat!”

That stated time had arrived.
In the morning [Shamash] let loaves of bread [tephra
volcanic bomb] shower down, and in the evening a
rain of wheat [tephra ash/lapilli].
I watched the appearance of the weather–the weather
was frightful to behold! I went into the boat and
sealed the entry.

Just as dawn began to glow
there arose from the horizon a black cloud.
[Thunder] rumbled inside of it,
before him went [a dark squall] and [lightning],
[with a large pyroclastic maelstrom] going over mountain and land.

The Anunnaki lifted up the torches,
setting the land ablaze with their flare.
[The stunning] shock [of the maelstrom] overtook the heavens,
and turned to blackness all that had been light.

[Then all the land suddenly] shattered like a [clay] pot.
All day long the South Wind blew …,
blowing fast, inundating the mountain in water,
overwhelming the people like an [attacking army].
No one could see his fellow,
they could not recognize each other in the torrent.
The gods were frightened by the inundation,
and retreated, ascending to the heaven of Anu.

Six days and seven nights
came the wind and onslaught, the storm flattening the land.
When the seventh day arrived, the storm was pounding,
the flood was a war–struggling with itself like a woman
writhing (in labor).
The sea calmed, fell still, the whirlwind (and) oceanic flow stopped.
I looked around all day long–quiet had set in
and all the human beings had turned to clay!
The terrain was as flat as a roof.

As one can see from the various comparative notes on inundation myths, three or four of the most prominent deluge myths, aside from the Torah, match the specifics of the timeline depicted above. Indeed, of the 175+ recorded global ‘flood’ myths (P. Bobrowsky, et al., 2007), 33 provide a time period in which the cataclysm occurred—resulting in an average period of onset (not total duration of high ocean levels) of 6.5 days for the consensus group of 24 mythologies inside this subset.¹³⁰ Fourteen of the myths specifically cite a seven day inundation timeframe.^{131 132}

The Chinese Gun-Yu myth cited above is one of two that specify or imply how long the people struggled with the displaced waters (two generations, most of 1 lifespan, or 50 years – our Karst erosion estimate top end). Nonetheless, if our hypothesis bears merit, we believe this inundation effect to be part of a repeating cycle (ECDO – oscillation).

Notice as well, that according to the Chinese inundation myth of Nüwa, their land proceeded to the southeast, while the sky moved to the northwest. This is exactly what happens to China in the Mediated Dzhanibekov Rotation shown moving from State 1 to State 2 in Exhibit J3 above.

From the Library of Ashurbanipal comes The Legend of Etana.¹³³ The largest and most famous collection of cuneiform tablets, including the Legend of Etana, was discovered at Nineveh, the capital of Assyria. Etana was a legendary king of Kish, mentioned in the Sumerian King List, and he was said to have sought to build a great tower or city. However, he encountered difficulties because the people were fearful of coming down from the mountains, where they had taken refuge after a great flood. According to the King List, Etana ruled during the Early Dynastic Period, around the early 3rd millennium BCE (approximately 2900–2800 BCE or earlier). The Sumerian King List places him after the flood and as one of the kings who “made the foundations of civilization” in the post-flood world.

Gilgamesh, on the other hand, is listed as a king of Uruk in a later section of the King List, during the Early Dynastic Period as well, but at a later time. Scholars typically date Gilgamesh to around the 27th to 26th century BCE.

Finally, pertaining to the comparative credibility of the Torah/Bible narrative, as a lifelong sailor of sometimes heavy seas, I recognize that a long and narrow keelboat design, also known as a ‘surface-piercing/large freeboard’ class of ocean vessel, especially one not under power, would not have survived the kinetic inundation described. The popular depictions of Noah’s Ark, purported by the Bible to be a 450 x 75 x 45 ft vessel of this class (aspect ratio of 6:1 – see top two panels of Exhibit P to the right), would not have withstood the bow-on sea-state-induced moment called ‘hogging,’ and its segmented 450 ft keel would have snapped very quickly.

Furthermore, when waves hit broadside to such a long and narrow vessel, the vessel would have rolled completely, potentially for days on end. Add significant ballast to this, mix the hogging, sagging, and heeling moments into a twisting torsion along a 450 ft keel made of wooden segments, and suddenly you have a violent enclosed space from which no one, including the ship itself, would have survived.¹³⁴

From extensive experience in a variety of vessel designs, one does not construct a ship of this design without a means to propel it through the water and keep the bow into the seas and wind. A long, thin, dead-in-the-water surface keelboat is a fatal disadvantage in heavy seas. This observation, as much as anything, suggests to me that the Torah/Bible story was a later fabrication. This was not a fanciful, symbolic, allegorical, nor inspirational story to demonstrate God’s providence and mercy. It was a lie—and all other more accurate versions of the account were obliterated or buried. The question is, why? The reader should take note that such obfuscation becomes a consistent pattern in regard to human history and origins.

The only feasible boat design that might have survived such a kinetic inundation would have been a mostly-submerged circular bucket-shaped ‘submarine’ with deep ballast. In this design, hogging load dynamics would be distributed circumferentially first, and then radially toward the leeward aspect of the vessel, while the hogging moment itself would be much less pronounced as waves would crest over the ship, and could not place hogging load under it, minimizing all surface effects in the process. Additionally, there would be no rolling since the ship would never present a ‘long’ side in any scenario – being an upright ‘pole’ to a degree. The mythical God Enki’s ark design (see third panel in Exhibit P), one of this exact nature he submitted to Atra-Hasis, was rather non-mythical in its engineered approach to such unprecedented challenges.¹³⁵

Before we close, let’s take a few more steps down this uncomfortable pathway of cataclysm for just a moment. Of course, this entire construct raises the key existential question: Why would a responsible entity of any kind purposely place or develop a large sentient civilization like humanity on an ECDO planet prone to frequent flipping, knowing the immense suffering this would cause? This argues poignantly for an atheist viewpoint.

If, however, a putative entity of such opportunity and influence had indeed done this, and if this action could be judged as wrong by an outside party, would this entity not want the evidence of such maliciousness destroyed or even blamed upon randomness or the wickedness of the victims themselves? Would such a despicable act constitute the Enochian ‘unforgivable sin’—a blasphemy against the Force that protects pneuma-life throughout the universe?¹³⁶ Mandating its obfuscation by every available means—scientific, rhetorical, religious, burning, interment, shortening of human lifespan, social ridicule and defamation, or imperial conquest—it would not matter. A will of such desperation that it might only be thwarted by the gravitas of two million two-and-a-half-ton stones.

Perhaps the Great Pyramid did not constitute a monument after all; rather, it was a purposed message, a safekeep for a preexisting observatory, an impossible stack of stones both flagging the importance of what resides underneath and ensuring that this intellectual property could neither be washed away again, nor confiscated to damnatio memoriae by those who regard themselves as gods. But they try … oh, they do try.

Such exhibits the elegance of publishing ideas like this inside a private blog article. I do not have to adopt the pro forma and magisterial edicts of those who embargo questions, ideas, and evidence. Wallowing in the quagmire of linear inductive Nelsonian ignorance, while adorning the ironic priestly robes of inquiry.

Perhaps of an even more curious final note, the seal of the first King of Mahenjo Daro, the city we contend inside which Gilgamesh sought to find Utnapishtim,¹³⁷ despite its being located a couple hundred miles up the Indus River, depicted a large ocean-going vessel, along with a raven and a dove.

Taken together, the technical analysis of Part I and the mythical and monumental testimony of Part II converge on a single conclusion: the Earth is not static, but governed by the exothermic dynamics of core–mantle decoupling — a process that has repeatedly shifted the planet’s very orientation. The statistical weight of the alignments — thirty-eight major monuments across continents, cultures, and millennia, all clustered around a prior pole (Np′) with vanishingly small probability of chance — is matched only by the depth of memory encoded in their stones. These structures are not mere calendars or ceremonial curiosities; they are deliberate instruments of azimuthal observation, built to mark a sky that once rotated differently. From the submerged witness off Cuba to the spiral bench of Ġgantija, the message is consistent and unmistakable. Humanity once lived under a different heaven, and the record of that epoch — the Golden Age — is still visible, if one knows where, and how, to look. In this light, the monuments themselves demand a revision of history: not as myth or metaphor, but as empirical testimony to the physics of our planet and the resilience of its earliest civilizations.

The Ethical Skeptic, “Exothermic Core-Mantle Decoupling – Dzhanibekov Oscillation (ECDO) Hypothesis”; The Ethical Skeptic, WordPress, 12 May 2024; Web, https://theethicalskeptic.com/?p=84997

1. The Ethical Skeptic, “Syndicate Science – The Definition”; The Ethical Skeptic, WordPress, 24 Apr 2024; Web, https://theethicalskeptic.com/?p=84476
2. Academic Studies Are Getting Marked Down,” The Wall Street Journal, accessed 30 May 2024, https://www.wsj.com/science/academic-studies-research-paper-mills-journals-publishing-f5a3d4bc.
3. Fake scientific papers are alarmingly common,” Science, accessed May 29, 2024, https://www.science.org/content/article/fake-scientific-papers-are-alarmingly-common.
4. Burial chamber for anyone, hall of records library, river of mercury cap, power station, rocket launch pad, alien construction, giant construction, granary, water pump, natural formation, celestial energy generator, penny-on-a-fan effect, dimensional portal, irrigation, stellar gateway, time machine, great Egypt society monument, stellar communications station, king’s/national treasure vault, chemical production factory, ceremonial chamber, Earth orbit, rotation, or land mass control system, solar/celestial observatory, ark, ark of the covenant hold, spacecraft navigational aide, home of gods, metallurgy/alchemy work station, home, celestial energy focal prism, rites and initiation chamber, etc. – please note, that when I use the names ‘Khufu’ and ‘Khafre’, this is for pyramid identification only. The notion that these edifices were burial chambers built by those Pharaohs over 20 years in and around 2550 BCE is not a realistic possibility.

5. A few, but not all, of the predictions I have made and confirmed with this theory:

   1. Earth’s three-moment body mass asymmetry.
   2. Dissolution and sloughing of the Earth’s inner core (found in 2024).
   3. Disagreement among ancient monuments aligned to true north (celestial pole), as to the geographic location of true north.
   4. 2023 rapid heating of the oceans preceded the resulting CO2 rise (Exhibit 7A1 in Article I)
   5. 2023 rapid heating of the oceans preceded the resulting atmospheric temperature rise (Exhibit 7A2 in Article I)
   6. Rapidly heating abyssal ocean layers, distributed across a range of depths, whose centroid is below the average ocean depth.
   7. Sea Salt in human inaccessible areas (Queen’s North Air Shaft)
   8. Heavy constriction of the human genome diversity around the date of the last inundation.
   9. Karst geomorphology on the Sphinx (Yes)
   10. Limestone reconcretions in the lower passages and chambers of the pyramid (Yes)
   11. Ocean silt in the lower pyramid chamber (inaccessible areas only)
   12. Morphology and size of the erosion band on the Khafre Pyramid
   13. Detritus (loose incomplete and undissolved CaC03(s) heavier than ocean water solids), showing partial reconcretion, resting on the Mohs 7 backing stones and accumulating in a parabolic mound (that tapers with the triangular pyramidal-face height – as this hypothesis predicts) at the base of each face of the Khafre pyramid.
   14. Artifacts from the pyramid which pre-date the Fourth Dynasty significantly (Cedar Plank Dixon Relic)
   15. Regional onceanic inundation geomorphologies in the Saudi and Sahara Deserts.
   16. Correspondence in metrics between the geomorphologies in #7
   17. Heat decay of Queen’s Chamber niche and hoizontal passage
   18. Transparency of limestone to geomagentic monitoring frequencies.
   19. Copper cables only in the Queen’s Chamber air shafts.
   20. Karst geomorphology on stones which are inaccessible (Queen’s North Air Shaft midway up)
   21. The full set of pyramid angles, dimensions, and designs.
   22. Large sediment displacement slide off the coasts of Mauritania and Saudi Arabia (Red Sea), conforming to the hypothesis oceanic displacement mega-scouring displacement.
   23. Existence of lighter sediment strata displaced inland to the Mississippi River from the Rocky Mountains by the Pacific oceanic inundation.
   24. Confirmation of the 104° rotation is found in examining the azimuth differentiations contained in ancient monuments, including the Nazca Lines primary focal axis, along with the earliest known large circular enclosure in Britain, The Flagstones in Dorchester, England and its sister monument, the Mount Pleasant Henge. In total, over 200 ancient monuments bear obsequience to ECDO Theory’s N_p‘ geographic location.
   25. Gobal Sea Surface Temperatures would trend back down after the 2023 into 2024 SST temperature peak, just as it has done the last 4 exothermic core-to-mantle cycles. As of 2025 SST’s have returned to their 2025 range.
   26. Northern hemisphere black soil distributions were predicted to conform to the oceanic coastline from which they were displaced, in both North America as well as the Russian tundra plain. Indeed this is exactly how these soil formations were displaced (see Exhibit J4b). A graduated Coriolis influence is observable in the Scandinavian displacement as the formation moves away from the State-2 equator, matching each predicted pattern.
   27. Abyssal ocean temperatures were anticipated under ECDO Theory to exhibit a rising trend as warming propagated downward, with the centroid of anomalous heat positioned below the mean global ocean depth—an indicator that the dominant flux originated from beneath the water column rather than from atmospheric forcing. The first Deep Argo float data released in 2023 confirmed this pattern.
   28. Elegantly framed the November 2025 mantle event set, wherein the two most active volcanic regions on the planet, Hawaii and Africa, suddenly became active at the same time, in a near perfect synchronization, despite being half a world apart.
   29. Barsoum et al. (2006) study findings were not merely compatible with ECDO; they flagged one of the strongest materials-science fingerprints that ECDO would predict if the pyramids’ Tura-limestone casing stones were removed by oceanic carbonic acid exposure and then re-constituted into travertine-like reconcretions. (Barsoum, Michel & Ganguly, A. & Hug, Gilles. (2006). Microstructural Evidence of Reconstituted Limestone Blocks in the Great Pyramids of Egypt. Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 89. 3788 – 3796. 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01308.x.).
   30. Meinesz shear force trajectories – conform to ECDO Theory predicted meridians and Euler points in geo sediment, ridges, and tectonic zones. (Stone, C.; https://nobulart.com/media/shear.pdf, 2025).
   31. ECDO Theory successfully predicted that Earth is not currently rotating on its least dense, maximum inertia moment, I(3). The outcomes of GRACE geogravitational measures presented a problem confirming this, suggesting ECDO’s State 1 rotation (geomagnetic lock) at play now, and not State 2 (gyroscopic optimum).

6. The Ethical Skeptic, “The Climate Change Alternative We Ignore (to Our Peril)”; The Ethical Skeptic, WordPress, 16 Feb 2020; Web, https://theethicalskeptic.com/2020/02/16/the-climate-change-alternative-we-ignore-to-our-peril/
7. “A true polar wandering (TPW) event evidently changed the location of the pole around 11k-9k BP.”; UtahGeology website; extracted 12 Jul 2024; https://utahgeology.com/bin/iceage/index.html
8. ECDO posulates a “Mediated Dzhanibekov Oscillation” (the name of the Theory was getting too long) – where the Dzhanibekov Effect is the third and only partial factor in the true polar wander.

   The ‘precession relaxation’ inside the Dzhanibekov effect only applies to a closed, rigid-body system. It’s an internal, geometric instability and recovery.

   But that isn’t what’s happening in ECDO’s proposed mechanism. The Earth is not a free, rigid three-moment spinner. It’s a coupled system whose core & mantle trade angular momentum through electromagnetic and viscous/friction (and the removal thereof) relationships.

   The oscillation ECDO describes is not a pure Dzhanibekov precession relaxation; it’s a mediated transition between two states of constraint: gyroscopic lock (State 2) and geomagnetic lock (State 1). Those are the primary factors which bound and constrain the Dzhanibekov rotation component.

   The relaxation in ECDO is of electromagnetic and viscous/friction coupling, not precession.

9. Veritasium; The Bizarre Behavior of Rotating Bodies; YouTube; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1VPfZ_XzisU&t=92s
10. Wikipedia: The Tennis racket theorem; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_racket_theorem
11. Veritasium; The Bizarre Behavior of Rotating Bodies; YouTube; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1VPfZ_XzisU&t=92s
12. Wenying Zhang, Wenbin Shen, New estimation of triaxial three-layered Earth’s inertia tensor and solutions of Earth rotation normal modes, Geodesy and Geodynamics, Volume 11, Issue 5, 2020, Pages 307-315, ISSN 1674-9847, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geog.2020.03.005.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674984720300240)
13. Schenk, P., Matsuyama, I., & Nimmo, F. (2020). A very young age for true polar wander on Europa from related fracturing. Geophysical Research Letters, 47, e2020GL088364. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088364
14. Tsekhmistrenko, Maria & Sigloch, Karin & Hosseini, Kasra & Barruol, Guilhem. (2021). A tree of Indo-African mantle plumes imaged by seismic tomography. Nature Geoscience. 14. 1-8. 10.1038/s41561-021-00762-9.
15. Garnero, Edward J.; McNamara, Allen K.; Shim, Sang-Heon (2016). “Continent-sized anomalous zones with low seismic velocity at the base of Earth’s mantle”. Nature Geoscience. 9 (7): 481–489.
16. Laura Baisas; Popular Science: “Two giant blobs lurk deep within the Earth, but why?; https://www.popsci.com/science/earth-blob/
17. Mcnamara, Allen. “A review of large low shear velocity provinces and ultra low velocity zones.” Tectonophysics (2019): n. pag.
18. Wenying Zhang, Wenbin Shen, New estimation of triaxial three-layered Earth’s inertia tensor and solutions of Earth rotation normal modes, Geodesy and Geodynamics, Volume 11, Issue 5, 2020, Pages 307-315, ISSN 1674-9847, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geog.2020.03.005.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674984720300240)
19. NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL); https://psl.noaa.gov/
20. The Ethical Skeptic, “The Climate Change Alternative We Ignore (to Our Peril)”; The Ethical Skeptic, WordPress, 16 Feb 2020; Web, https://theethicalskeptic.com/2020/02/16/the-climate-change-alternative-we-ignore-to-our-peril/
21. Mihai Andrae; ZME Science: These Revolutionary Maps Are Revealing Earth’s Geological Secrets; 25 Dec 2024; https://www.zmescience.com/science/tectonic-model-beatiful-new/
22. a craton is an old and stable part of the continental lithosphere, which consists of Earth’s two topmost layers, the crust and the uppermost mantle
23. Tsekhmistrenko, Maria & Sigloch, Karin & Hosseini, Kasra & Barruol, Guilhem. (2021). A tree of Indo-African mantle plumes imaged by seismic tomography. Nature Geoscience. 14. 1-8. 10.1038/s41561-021-00762-9.
24. Boyce, Alistair & Kounoudis, Rita & Bastow, I. & Cottaar, S. & Ebinger, C. J. & Ogden, C.. (2023). Mantle Wavespeed and Discontinuity Structure Below East Africa: Implications for Cenozoic Hotspot Tectonism and the Development of the Turkana Depression. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. 24. 10.1029/2022GC010775.
25. Cottaar; Lekic (2016). “Morphology of lower mantle structures”. Geophysical Journal International. 207 (2): 1122–1136.
26. Tsekhmistrenko, Maria & Sigloch, Karin & Hosseini, Kasra & Barruol, Guilhem. (2021). A tree of Indo-African mantle plumes imaged by seismic tomography. Nature Geoscience. 14. 1-8. 10.1038/s41561-021-00762-9.
27. Tarduno, J., Watkeys, M., Huffman, T. et al. Antiquity of the South Atlantic Anomaly and evidence for top-down control on the geodynamo. Nat Commun 6, 7865 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8865
28. ChatGPT-4: If the Earth’s core and geomagnetic poles remain stationary while the outer mantle rotational component undergoes a Dzhanibekov rotation, the resulting observations could be interpreted as a magnetic pole shift inside scientific studies covering such a timeframe. Without a clear understanding and ability to differentiate between core dynamics and mantle movements, such an event could easily be misinterpreted as a conventional geomagnetic pole shift. This misinterpretation could lead to incorrect assumptions about the processes occurring within the Earth’s interior.
29. T Frasson, N Schaeffer, H-C Nataf, S Labrosse, Geomagnetic dipole stability and zonal flows controlled by mantle heat flux heterogeneities, Geophysical Journal International, 2024;, ggae457, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggae457
30. Gaugne Gouranton, C., Panet, I., Greff-Lefftz, M., Mandea, M., & Rosat, S. (2025). GRACE detection of transient mass redistributions during a mineral phase transition in the deep mantle. Geophysical Research Letters, 52, e2025GL116408. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL116408
31. Please note that one could argue 103° as well, given that the north and south faces of Khufu are each 51.5° on average. We would not quibble with this approach. In this approach the “52+52=104” annotation would be changed to “51.5+ 51.5 = 103”.
32. Wikipedia: Geographical centre of Earth; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographical_centre_of_Earth
33. https://x.com/Rainmaker1973/status/1817579048991682575
34. Griffiths, David J. Introduction to Electrodynamics. 4th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017.
35. Source: NASA Earth Observatory, GRACE: Gravity Anomaly Maps and The Geoid; https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GRACE/page3.php
36. Adam C. Maloof, Galen P. Halverson, Joseph L. Kirschvink, Daniel P. Schrag, Benjamin P. Weiss, Paul F. Hoffman; Combined paleomagnetic, isotopic, and stratigraphic evidence for true polar wander from the Neoproterozoic Akademikerbreen Group, Svalbard, Norway. GSA Bulletin 2006;; 118 (9-10): 1099–1124. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/B25892.1; https://sci-hub.ru/10.1130/b25892
37. J.D.A. Piper, A ∼90° Late Silurian–Early Devonian apparent polar wander loop: The latest inertial interchange of planet earth?,Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 250 , Issues 1–2, 2006, Pages 345-357, ISSN 0012-821X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.08.001.
38. ECDO Conversation on “Physics Wall” problem for ECDO Theory, 11 Dec 2025; https://x.com/i/grok/share/3mAMcbKeEQtidqqc5oK7zoyDv
39. Morcillo, Patrick, An Inquiry into Plato’s Articulation of the Intermediate Axis Theorem and Its Comparative Ancient Context (July 07, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5341513 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5341513
40. Kirschvink, Joseph & Ripperdan, Robert & Evans, David. (1997). Evidence for a Large-Scale Reorganization of Early Cambrian Continental Masses by Inertial Interchange True Polar Wander. Science. 277. 541-545. 10.1126/science.277.5325.541.
41. 1. “The ‘precise alignment to true north’ of Khufu is based upon an extrapolation and interpretation as to where the Tura casing stone footers ended. As such, those stone alignments involve a certain level of speculative reconstruction, as we do not actually know how the casing of the pyramid actually aligned versus true north. The claim of “extraordinary precision,” while based on real measurements and sound archaeological methods, is subject to the inherent limitations and uncertainties arising from the missing original casing stones, corners, and the use of partial data. In addition, alignment to north in the Khufu pyramid today can vary greatly based upon which course of backing stones one chooses as their alignment reference. It is fair to recognize that some of the romanticized precision claims, while based on solid analysis, do contain a hint of narrative embellishment to entice interest in the pyramid’s sophistication and the mysteries of its construction.” ChatGPT-4o

    2. Mechanism Locking True North for 4,550 Years: The Earth’s rotational axis (true north) has maintained a stable alignment with the Khufu Pyramid for the past 4,550 years by the Narrative (actually 6,000+ years, and possibly 9600 years). Some geophysical mechanism would be needed to keep the rotational axis precisely locked that entire time, preventing significant shifts in the Earth’s orientation. We are missing that key mechanism as a premise to this argument. If one is to ask the former question, one must also ask this inverse question as well. It suggests an appeal to ignorance at play, and need for genuine skepticism both ways.
    
    3. Variance of Nutation within Precession: We do not have precise measurements of the celestial pole’s nutation and Chandler Wobble variance within the 25,772-year precession cycle. This lack of detailed understanding means we cannot definitively conclude whether the Great Pyramid’s precision alignment to true north is purely coincidental within this variance or if another factor ensures this alignment. Of the 90 or so global monuments from antiquity which align to the current georotational north pole, the group bears a range of variation of +/- 1.5° (see this article by Mario Buildreps: https://www.mariobuildreps.com/orientation-pyramids-former-north-poles/). The Kufu and Khafre pyramids also bear this 1.5° variance and do not agree with each other as to true north (point 4, below). This is not very precise as a group of measures. Again, we risk an appeal to ignorance with regarding the Giza alignment.
    
    4. Disagreement between Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure Alignments:The alignments of the Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure pyramids to true north do not perfectly match each other, both within each structure (intra-structure) and between the two structures (inter-structure). How do we address this discrepancy tolerance? If Khufu were aligned as precisely as claimed, it should have been a simple task to align all three structures to the same reference. What physical feature do we select as our single reference for this contention of precision – the one which is closest to true north? That is cherry picking a the most convenient premise for our argument.
    
    5. Other Aligned Monuments: What about the myriad (912 – 90 = 822) of other aligned global monuments that indicate significant historical true polar wander and/or disagreement as to true north? Many of these (all aligned to true north, Gobekli Tepe for instance) converge on celestial north poles far from our current one. Do we simply discard the whole body of observational evidence to emphasize only one observation or small subset (9.9%) of observations (see this article by Mario Buildreps: https://www.mariobuildreps.com/orientation-pyramids-former-north-poles/)?
    
    6. Inconsistent Alignment within Pyramids: Different components of each pyramid show slight deviations from the true north alignment. This suggests that while the builders aimed for alignment, natural construction variances may have led to accidentals and/or misalignments. In other words, did we cherry pick what we chose as our internal alignment reference as a touch of cultural grandstanding?
    
    7. Finally, there exists a superior (in theoretical applications) description of electromagnetic force which describes it in terms of A (the vector potential) and ϕ (the scalar potential) and not simply classic physics E (electric field) and B (magnetic field) mechanics. A and ϕ theory allows for descriptions that emphasize continuity and the potential for topological and quantum effects that regulate the behavior of magnetic bodies in space. In other words, the Earth’s geomagnetic field does not exist in isolation—it interacts or is affixed within the solar system A and ϕ magnetic environment. The A field could provide the mechanism by which: 1. The Earth’s magnetic system aligns with or is constrained by external magnetic forces. 2. Subtle adjustments in orientation are guided by interactions between the Earth’s A field and external vector potentials (not simply itself), providing the precision observed in ECDO theory of State 2 return to State 1.
    
    While this issue of current polar alignment observed in Khufu is indeed salient, it is merely inductive, appeals to ignorance, ignores modern A and ϕ scalar physics, is exposed to the possibility of accident, risks tolerance vulnerability, relies on cherry-picking/cultural grandstanding, and does not rise to the level of a falsification.

42. Furthermore, the measurement error tolerance for any given time interval spanned nearly to the Leschamps excursion limit (6% of DM₂₀₁₇ = 80 ZAm²) to begin with.(Panovska S., Korte M., & Constable C. G. (2019). One hundred thousand years of geomagnetic field evolution. Reviews of Geophysics, 57, 1289–1337. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019RG000656) The Panovska study cited above even summed together the age-uncertainty blending of study averages, which themselves data smoothed over large timescales extrapolated from small geographic sampling regions, and only when such measures were in agreement (Panovska, Section 2.3).

    In other words, these studies do not feature a temporal resolution which would alert to this type of event. It would simply appear as noise inside a mundane geomagnetic excursion, if at all.

    Greenland and Antarctic ice cores will fail to reveal evidence of this species of true polar wander. The world during State 2 was tectonically active—dark, cold, and wet—not some sunlit, balmy paradise merely spinning on a different axis. How, then, could one possibly refute this reality with ice cores observations? The ice core records are inclusionary, not exclusionary evidence—therefore, they cannot ‘rule out’ the conditions upon which we speculate in this article. The supposed 700,000-year continuity in ice core data is a linear-inductive assumption and input to paleo models—an unchallenged premise, not an inference drawn from rigorous deduction.

    The study chart plot-lines look pretty and authoritative—with lots of intimidating notation (“(V)(A)DM [ZAm²]”) and precision-implying summation functions (“V_{(r, θ, φ, t)} = ΣΣΣ (^a/_r)”) serving as academic window dressing and proxy for a conceptually straightforward yet imprecise measure (volcanic material ‘thermoremanent magnetization’ with 70% of the sampling derived from Europe and Turkey). Such confidence/blending results contrast starkly with the currently observed speed of dipole moment weakening, one which is 10 times faster than any measure found inside these paleogeomagnetic studies—including the Leschamps event.(Fiona MacDonald; Science Alert: New Study Shows How Rapidly Earth’s Magnetic Field Is Changing; 11 May 2016; https://www.sciencealert.com/new-study-shows-that-earth-s-magnetic-field-is-weakening-more-rapidly-than-we-thought)

    This is Gaussian blindness, and as such it is not very informative. It is akin to estimating the ten-minute-interval speed of a car during a 10-day trip, with a standard deviation-based confidence band ranging from 10 to 110 miles per hour and a discrimination interval of half a day, from sampling only conducted while the car was on two-lane roads, and only by means of an agreement between tire and wind noise (no speedometer). Based on this type of analytical approach, the car would never exceeded the speed limit and never stop even once for gas, fuel, or restroom.

    In systems engineering, when transient signal dynamics exceed weak-observation histories by a factor of 10, the confidence in such historical observations is significantly reduced.(Chiang, L.H. et al.; “Fault Detection and Diagnosis in Industrial Systems”; 2001; ISBN: 1-85233-327-8.) (Chen, Chi-Tsong. Linear System Theory and Design. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.)

    Gyre-driven models (Finlay, Aubert, 2016) of our current decline in the Earth’s geomagnetic moment, place the attainment of a Leschamps-level of decay, as occurring in less than 1000 years (1900 years to “zero”), a timeframe far below the resolution of current paleogeomagnetic models.(Finlay, C., Aubert, J. & Gillet, N. Gyre-driven decay of the Earth’s magnetic dipole. Nat Commun 7, 10422 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10422 As one may observe in the study graphic linked earlier (Panovska, 2019), we are already 1500 years into such a dipole weakening. The sint-2000 model itself indicating a particularly precipitous drop during this timeframe.

43. Valet, Jean-Pierre, et al. “Dynamical similarity of geomagnetic field reversals.” Nature, vol. 490, no. 7418, 4 Oct. 2012, pp. 89+. Gale Academic OneFile, dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature11491.
44. Nell Greenfieldboyce; NPR Science: Ancient Trees Show When The Earth’s Magnetic Field Last Flipped Out; 18 Feb 2021; https://www.npr.org/2021/02/18/969063568/ancient-trees-show-when-the-earths-magnetic-field-last-flipped-out
45. Carlo Laj, Catherine Kissel, Andrew Roberts. Geomagnetic field behavior during the Iceland Basin and Laschamp geomagnetic excursions: A simple transitional field geometry?. Geochemistry, Geo-physics, Geosystems, 2006, 7 (3), pp.n/a-n/a. 10.1029/2005GC001122. hal-03118231
46. Lund, Steve & Schwartz, Martha & Keigwin, Lloyd & Johnson, Thomas C.. (2005). Deep-sea sediment records of the Laschamp geomagnetic field excursion (∼41,000 calendar years before present). J. Geophys. Res.. 110. 10.1029/2003JB002943.
47. Paul Voosen; Ancient kauri trees capture last collapse of Earth’s magnetic field; Science.org: Climate; 18 Feb 2001; https://www.science.org/content/article/ancient-kauri-trees-capture-last-collapse-earth-s-magnetic-field
48. McElHinney, M.W.; Paleomagnetism: Continents and Oceans; 2000; San Diego Academic Press; ISBN: 12-483355-1
49. Gaugne Gouranton, C., Panet, I., Greff-Lefftz, M., Mandea, M., & Rosat, S. (2025). GRACE detection of transient mass redistributions during a mineral phase transition in the deep mantle. Geophysical Research Letters, 52, e2025GL116408. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL116408
50. Courtillot V, Besse J. Magnetic field reversals, polar wander, and core-mantle coupling. Science. 1987 Sep 4;237(4819):1140-7. doi: 10.1126/science.237.4819.1140. PMID: 17801638.
51. Goldreich & Toomre; Some Remarks on True Polar Wandering; Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol 74 No 10, May 1969; https://courses.seas.harvard.edu/climate/eli/Courses/EPS281r/Sources/Layered-mantle/dynamics/Goldreich-Toomre-1969.pdf
52. rotating gif graphics courtesy again of Craig Stone at nobulart.com
53. Desert classification is based on the Köppen climate classification system – however, in this definition featuring oceanic displacement striations
54. Wikipedia: Euler’s rotation theorem; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%27s_rotation_theorem
55. Food and
    Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Global back soil distribution map (INBS Countries, v1.0), pp 12-13; https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/f65b846e-823d-4d66-998d-e0ae089c2e19/content
56. Aubert, Maxime & Lebe, Rustan & Oktaviana, Adhi & Tang, Muhammad & Burhan, Basran & Hamrullah, & Jusdi, Andi & Abdullah, & Hakim, Budianto & Zhao, Jian-xin & Geria, I. & Sulistyarto, Priyatno & Sardi, Ratno & Brumm, Adam. (2019). Earliest hunting scene in prehistoric art. Nature. 576. 1-4. 10.1038/s41586-019-1806-y.
57. Hakim, B., Wibowo, U.P., van den Bergh, G.D. et al. Hominins on Sulawesi during the Early Pleistocene. Nature (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09348-6
58. Skoglund P, Mallick S, Bortolini MC, Chennagiri N, Hünemeier T, Petzl-Erler ML, Salzano FM, Patterson N, Reich D. Genetic evidence for two founding populations of the Americas. Nature. 2015 Sep 3;525(7567):104-8. doi: 10.1038/nature14895. Epub 2015 Jul 21. PMID: 26196601; PMCID: PMC4982469.
59. Maanasa Raghavan et al. ,Genomic evidence for the Pleistocene and recent population history of Native Americans.Science349,aab3884(2015); https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aab3884
60. Zeng, T.C., Aw, A.J. & Feldman, M.W. Cultural hitchhiking and competition between patrilineal kin groups explain the post-Neolithic Y-chromosome bottleneck. Nat Commun 9, 2077 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04375-6
61. Karmin M, Saag L, Vicente M, et al. A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture. Genome Res. 2015 Apr;25(4):459-66. doi: 10.1101/gr.186684.114. Epub 2015 Mar 13. PMID: 25770088; PMCID: PMC4381518.
62. Karmin M, Saag L, Vicente M, et al. A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture. Genome Res. 2015 Apr;25(4):459-66. doi: 10.1101/gr.186684.114. Epub 2015 Mar 13. PMID: 25770088; PMCID: PMC4381518.
63. Nature Communications volume 9, Article number: 2077 (2018)
64. Chart notice courtesy of Ryan Garner on X, @imkharn: FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/OSSCAS/JRC, 2008. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.0) FAO, Rome, Italy, Luxembourg, Austria; March 2009, BIOSAFOR Consortium.
65. 女媧補天, Wikibooks: Chinese Stories/Nüwa; https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Chinese_Stories/N%C3%BCwa
66. Greaney S, Hajdas I, Dee M, Marshall P. Beginning of the circle? Revised chronologies for Flagstones and Alington Avenue, Dorchester, Dorset. Antiquity. Published online 2025:1-17. doi:10.15184/aqy.2025.28
67. Great circle bearing maps courtesy of NS6T’s Azimuthal Map generator; https://ns6t.net/azimuth/
68. Newgrange site plan in left panel courtesy of M.J. O’Kelly at knowth.com; https://www.knowth.com/new_grange.htm
69. Great circle bearing maps courtesy of NS6T’s Azimuthal Map generator; https://ns6t.net/azimuth/
70. Dendrinos, Dimitrios. (2016). From Newgrange to Stonehenge: Monuments to a Bull Cult and Origins of Innovation.. academia.edu.; https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317433973_From_Newgrange_to_Stonehenge_Monuments_to_a_Bull_Cult_and_Origins_of_Innovation/citation/download
71. https://x.com/nobulart/status/1964994153999196571
72. A. Thom, A Statistical Examination of the Megalithic Sites in Britain, Royal Statistical Society. Journal. Series A: General, Vol. 118, Issue 3, May 1955, pp. 275–291, https://doi.org/10.2307/2342494
73. Stat Trek: P(X = x, .444, 238, 46); https://stattrek.com/online-calculator/binomial
74. Mario Buildreps; Orientation of Latin-American Pyramids and Temples; Sep 2017; https://mariobuildreps.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/On-the-Orientation-of-Latin-American-Pyramids-and-Temples-V2.pdf
75. Mario Buildreps; The Pyramids of China; Sep 2017;https://www.mariobuildreps.com/pyramids-china/
76. Clegg, J. A., Almond, M., & Stubbs, P. H. S. (1954). LXVI. The remanent magnetism of some sedimentary rocks in Britain. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 45(365), 583–598. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786440608520463; https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14786440608520463
77. Bogue, S. W., and J. M. G. Glen (2010), Very rapid geomagnetic field change recorded by the partial remagnetization of a lava flow, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L21308, doi:10.1029/2010GL044286.
78. B. Robert, J. Besse, O. Blein, M. Greff, T. Baudin, F. Lopes, S. Meslouh, M. Belbadaoui, Constraints on the Ediacaran Inertial Interchange True Polar Wander Hypothesis: a New Paleomagnetic Study in Morocco (West African Craton)submitted to: Precambrian Research, Precambrian Research (2017), doi: http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2017.04.010
79. Before Atlantis: The Cuban Underwater Formations; 7 Jan 2025; https://beforeatlantis.com/2025/01/07/the-cuban-underwater-formations/
80. Wikipedia: Cuban underwater formation; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_underwater_formation
81. Newton’s Theological Manuscripts, now held at institutions like the National Library of Israel, include his investigations into biblical chronology, sacred geometry, and the dimensions of ancient structures. These writings, which remained largely unpublished during his lifetime, illustrate his belief that ancient monuments, such as the Great Pyramid, held prophetic significance.
82. Image courtesy of finder, Timothy S Kelly, Southwest Florida Metal Detecting, Facebook (public domain), 23 Nov 2024; https://www.facebook.com/groups/southwestfloridametaldetecting/posts/8775558555890444/
83. Nikk Ogasa; Science News: “Earth’s inner core may be reversing its rotation;” 23 Jan 2023; https://www.sciencenews.org/article/earth-inner-core-reverse-rotation
84. Ancient Code: “The Great Pyramid of Giza is located at the exact center of Earth’s landmass”; 29 Apr 2024; https://www.ancient-code.com/the-great-pyramid-of-giza-is-located-at-the-exact-center-of-earths-landmass/
85. Project Gutenberg; Herodotus: An Account of Egypt: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/2131/2131-h/2131-h.htm,
86. Plato. (c. 360 B.C.E.). The Statesman (Politikos). In Jowett, B. (Trans.), The Dialogues of Plato. Retrieved from Perseus Digital Library.
87. Velikovsky, I. (1950). Worlds in Collision. Retrieved from Spirasolaris: Selections from Immanuel Velikovsky’s Worlds in Collision (1950) https://www.spirasolaris.ca/wic.pdf
88. YouTube: “The Why Files: Mysteries Beneath the Ice: The Secrets of Antarctica”; March 2024; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQz7innxnms
89. YouTube: Great Pyramid: Lost Technology of the Grand Gallery REVEALED; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SslpjDtEw_U&t=1261s
90. Dunn, Christopher. The Giza Power Plant: Technologies of Ancient Egypt. Bear & Company, 1998.
91. Andrew Lawler; Smithsonian Magazine: “The Fall of Zahi Hawass; 17 Jul 2011; https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-fall-of-zahi-hawass-32319337/
92. In 2014, the former Egyptian Minister of Antiquities, archaeologist Zahi Hawass was charged with stealing Egyptian antiquities. In the list of items [allegedly] stolen by [Hawass], the most unusual artifact was the ancient copper wires from the Pyramid of Cheops;” YouTube: “New Discovery Inside the Great Pyramid! What Did Scientists Find?’; 20 Apr 2023; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mr2jqqvHL2w
93. Ahram Online: Egypt’s former antiquities minister Hawass faces fresh corruption charges; 11 Nov 2014; https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/115298/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-former-antiquities-minister-Hawass-faces-fr.aspx “In 2014, Dr. Zahi Hawass, Egypt’s former Minister of Antiquities, was implicated in a case involving the unauthorized removal of artifacts from the Great Pyramid of Giza. Three German nationals—Dominique Görlitz, Stefan Erdmann, and Peter Hoefer—entered the pyramid in April 2013 and extracted samples from a cartouche bearing Pharaoh Khufu’s name, aiming to support alternative theories about the pyramid’s origins. These actions led to their conviction in absentia, alongside six Egyptians accused of facilitating the act, with all nine receiving five-year prison sentences. Egyptian judicial sources have confirmed that the stolen cartouche ochre material was recovered by German authorities in Berlin, and then handed-over to the Egyptian Embassy in August.”
94. YouTube: “New Discovery Inside the Great Pyramid! What Did Scientists Find?”; 20 Apr 2023; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mr2jqqvHL2w
95. YouTube: “Discovering the Closed Door Inside the Great Pyramid: The Upuaut Project”; (Full Documentary)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cT16PVkhwrg&t=2997s
96. Ancient Architects, YouTube: EXCLUSIVE: First Look Inside the Great Pyramid Queen’s Chamber (2022); pulled 9 Jun 2024; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ki0405ulvIY
97. Underground concept recreated from the Synthetic Aperture Radar scan findings press conference 15 Mar 2025; continued work of Biondi F, Malanga C. Synthetic Aperture Radar Doppler Tomography Reveals Details of Undiscovered High-Resolution Internal Structure of the Great Pyramid of Giza; Remote Sensing. 2022; 14(20):5231. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14205231
98. 3ROAM – Antenna Length to Frequency Calculator; https://3roam.com/antenna-length-to-frequency-calculator/#google_vignette.
99. ChatGPT-4o agrees with our engineer:

    1. Active Antenna Characteristics (Medium Frequency/High Frequency Antenna)
    An active antenna with a standing wave ratio (SWR) of 1.27 indicates a relatively low amount of power reflected back towards the source, which is efficient for signal transmission and reception. The design frequency of 1.932 MHz and its resonances at various frequencies suggest a broad range of operability. This range of resonances could imply a sophisticated design, possibly to maximize sensitivity across multiple frequency bands. Such a feature might have been employed for detecting a wide range of signals or for enhancing communication capabilities.

    2. Close Proximity of Cables
    The close proximity of the two cables could indeed afford high amperage and low voltage, particularly in an active antenna configuration. In such a setup, the antenna might use an active component, like a transistor or amplifier, to boost signal strength. This increased sensitivity would be crucial for detecting weak signals or for long-range communication. The high amperage could enhance the antenna’s ability to pick up faint signals, making it more effective in its role.

    3. Polarized or Differential Detection
    The potential for using the two cables in a polarized or differential detection role is worth exploring. Polarization could help in distinguishing between different signal sources or reducing interference from unwanted directions. Differential detection could enhance signal clarity by comparing the signals received by the two cables, effectively canceling out noise and improving signal-to-noise ratio. This might not have been commented upon, but it could provide additional functionality to the antenna system.

100. Wang, C., G. Hajj, X. Pi, I. G. Rosen, and B. Wilson (2004), Development of the Global Assimilative Ionospheric Model, Radio Sci., 39, RS1S06, doi:10.1029/2002RS002854.
101. P.S. Hernandez; Preliminary theory: Pyramidal structures as functional resonant devices through mimicry of subatomic particle geometry; 10 Jan 2025; https://pshs04.wixsite.com/ph-s-stash/post/preliminary-theory-pyramidal-structures-as-functional-resonant-devices-through-geometric-mimicry-of
102. Ammianus Marcellinus, The Later Roman Empire (A.D. 354–378), trans. Walter Hamilton, ed. Andrew Wallace-Hadrill (London: Penguin Books, 1986), 230. Book 22, Chapter 15, Section 30.
103. Leeder, M. R. (1999). Sedimentology and Sedimentary Basins: From Turbulence to Tectonics. Blackwell Science.
104. Vitrification of limestone impurities is the process in which non-carbonate minerals within a limestone matrix are heated to temperatures high enough to melt, fuse, and form a glassy or partially glassy phase, while the bulk carbonate itself may only thermally decompose rather than melt. Characteristics: Vitrified limestone impurities may appear as glossy, glass-like patches, spotting, or matte flows with colors ranging from dark green and olive to black, brown, rust red, or violet, depending on iron, manganese, and silicate content. The material is brittle, shows fused grain boundaries, and forms a sharp contrast with the surrounding pale, calcined limestone. Source: John S. McCloy et al., Xu et al.,
105. Pamela Pearson; “Why Burn Limestone?”; 20 Mar 2017; https://oldknows.com/2017-03-20-a-flow-chart-showing-the-uses-and-processes-of-limestone.html
106. ChatGPT-4o comments: To detect P-waves effectively in a static chamber infiltrated with sensors, the fluid used should have properties that allow efficient transmission of seismic waves while being compatible with the sensors and the chamber environment. One of the best fluids for this purpose is water. Here are the reasons why:
     Acoustic Impedance Matching: Water has an acoustic impedance that is well-matched to many materials used in seismic sensors, ensuring efficient transmission of P-waves from the fluid to the sensors.
     High Transmission Speed: P-waves travel through water at a speed of approximately 1500 meters per second, which is relatively high compared to other fluids, allowing for clear and fast detection of seismic signals.
     Low Attenuation: Water has low attenuation for seismic waves, meaning the waves can travel longer distances without significant loss of energy, leading to clearer signals.
     Availability and Safety: Water is readily available, non-toxic, and safe to handle, making it a practical choice for use in a controlled experimental setup.
     Temperature Stability: Water maintains its properties over a range of temperatures, which is beneficial for consistent and reliable seismic measurements.
     While other fluids like mineral oil or glycerin could also be used, they often have higher attenuation or are less practical to handle. Thus, water is generally considered the best fluid for detecting P-waves in such a setup.
107. Ancient Origins: The Great Pyramid Experiment: Exploring Infrasound Technology Use By The Ancientshttps://www.ancient-origins.net/artifacts-other-artifacts/great-pyramid-0012179
108. YouTube: “When was the Subterranean Chamber built? | Great Pyramid of Giza | Lines in Sand”; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iiozjuoILu0
109. The frequency range for infrasound, which can be generated by natural sources such as earthquakes, volcanic activity, and other geological phenomena, typically lies between 0.1 Hz and 10 Hz. This is the range where infrasound waves are most effective at traveling long distances through the Earth’s solid materials, such as those originating from the core (Inner Core Boundary and/or D” layer) and propagating to the surface.
     Earthquake P-waves are employed as the sound generation mechanism for the velocity based mapping of the core and LLVP structures themselves. Body waves, specifically Primary waves (P-waves), that travel through the Earth as a result of an earthquake typically have a frequency range between 0.1 Hz and 10 Hz. However, most of the energy from these waves is concentrated in the lower part of this range, typically from 1 Hz to 5 Hz. Inner Earth activity is attenuated more quickly because it falls in the higher frequencies, 5 Hz to 10 Hz.
     P-waves are capable of traveling through the Earth’s interior and are the fastest seismic waves, thus they are the first to be detected by seismometers after an earthquake occurs. This makes the 5 to 10 Hz range quite reasonable for detecting infrasound signals emanating from deep within the Earth, including potential core noise (sources: Wikipedia on Infrasound, White, B. C., Elbing, B. R., and Faruque, I. A.: Infrasound measurement system for real-time in situ tornado measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 2923–2938, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2923-2022, 2022.).
     This frequency range corresponds to wavelengths that are tens of meters long, making them suitable for penetrating deep into the Earth’s structure and reaching the surface where they can be monitored. These properties of infrasound align well with the idea of using such frequencies to detect and study geophysical phenomena originating from the Earth’s core and other deep layers.
110. Wikipedia: Seismic wave/Bod wave/P-waves; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_wave
111. LibreTexts: Geosciences: 6.6: Seismic Waves; https://geo.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Book%3A_Physical_Geography_(Lumen)/06%3A_Tectonic_Forces/6.06%3A_Seismic_Waves
112. The Khufu Pyramid: The Shaft or Well: Important notes: ; https://khufupyramid.dk/important-information/important-notes
113. “The Great Pyramid Of Giza: A Complex Of Chemical Mysteries;” 15 Nov 2023; https://www.ecotravellerguide.com/the-great-pyramid-of-giza-a-complex-of-chemical-mysteries/
114. Academy of Ancient Texts: “The Epic of Gilgamesh, Tablet XI”; http://www.ancienttexts.org/library/mesopotamian/gilgamesh/tab11.htm
115. James Dinneen; New Scientist: Forces deep underground seem to be deforming Earth’s inner core; 17 Feb 2025; https://www.newscientist.com/article/2467491-forces-deep-underground-seem-to-be-deforming-earths-inner-core/#Echobox=1739807023
116. syringes – (σῦριγγες, Greek origin): In classical sources, this term referred to narrow, tubular underground channels or galleries, often believed to be burial shafts or secret passage systems beneath Egyptian monuments. See ‘Radio Frequency Analysis’ earlier in this document.
117. Ammianus Marcellinus, The Later Roman Empire (A.D. 354–378), trans. Walter Hamilton, ed. Andrew Wallace-Hadrill (London: Penguin Books, 1986), 230. Book 22, Chapter 15, Section 30.
118. Wikipedia: Upuaut Project; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upuaut_Project
119. The Why Files (Nov 2023). Göbekli Tepe and the Prophecy of Pillar 43 [Video]. YouTube.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4xzFWW-FAA&t=646s
120. YouTube: You Won’t Believe This Disturbing Gobekli Tepe Update; 10 Jun 2024; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cPNgGnUrCKM
121. “the ICOMOS panel considers that there is an imbalance between the scientific research requirements and prospects as indicated in the nomination dossier, and the proposed management plan. The ICOMOS Panel would appreciate if the State Party could provide reassurances regarding the continuing medium-and long-term funding of fundamental, independent, scientifically motivated and managed research programmes.” ICOMOS Evaluation Unit letter to UNESCO, 22 Dec 2017; https://whc.unesco.org/document/165629
122. Chan Thomas, The Adam and Eve Story. Bengal Tiger Press; 1963; p. 45; https://nobulart.com/media/The_Adam_And_Eve_Story-Chan_Thomas.pdf
123. “A true polar wandering (TPW) event evidently changed the location of the pole around 11k-9k BP.”; UtahGeology website; extracted 12 Jul 2024; https://utahgeology.com/bin/iceage/index.html
124. YouTube: Mysterious 11,000-Year-Old Statues: Were the People of Göbekli Tepe Starving to Death?; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aoGg3VPdVLA
125. Genesis 8:4-11: 40 days after the first mountain peaks reappeared Noah releases a dove which returns with nothing, then 7 days later he releases it again and it returns with an olive leaf in its beak.
126. Gardening Know How. Propagating Olive Trees: How To Grow An Olive Tree From A Pit. Available at: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/fruits/olive/propagating-olive-pits.htm. Accessed May 15, 2024.
127. “[The Gods An and Enlil gave Zi-ud-sura and his wife eternal life and] settled Zi-ud-sura the king in an overseas country, in the land Dilmun, where the sun rises.”; ETCSL: The Sumerian Great Flood Story: Segment E; https://www.mesopotamiangods.com/the-sumerian-great-flood-the-flood-story-translation/
128. Academy of Ancient Texts: “The Epic of Gilgamesh, Tablets IX, X, XI”; http://www.ancienttexts.org/library/mesopotamian/gilgamesh/tab10.htm
129. Academy of Ancient Texts: “The Epic of Gilgamesh, Tablets IX, X, XI”; http://www.ancienttexts.org/library/mesopotamian/gilgamesh/tab11.htm
130. P. Bobrowsky, et al. “Comet: An Interdisciplinary Approach;” Springer, 2007; https://annas-archive.org/md5/206daef49a836d9a465f7c0647ed7a91
131. Mark Isaak; 250 Flood Stories from Around the World; 2002; https://talkorigins.org/faqs/flood-myths.html
132. Die Flutsagen, Richard Andree (1891): https://archive.org/details/dieflutsagen00andrgoog (German) – 88 flood accounts (many of which are not found in the previous link).
133. Wikipedia: Library of Ashurbanipal; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Ashurbanipal
134. The challenges faced by long vessels in rough seas, including hogging and sagging stresses, are well-documented in naval architecture. These phenomena are extensively covered in sources such as the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers’ Principles of Naval Architecture. Additionally, the propensity for long, narrow vessels to roll in beam seas is a recognized issue in ship design and stability. ~ Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. Principles of Naval Architecture. Various editions. This comprehensive reference covers the fundamental principles of ship design, including the structural stresses of hogging and sagging, and the stability challenges faced by vessels in various sea conditions.
135. Dr. Irving Finkle; “The Ark Before Noah: A Great Adventure”; extracted 3 Jun 2024; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s_fkpZSnz2I
136. The Complete Book of Enoch: Chapter 5 – Book of the Words of Righteousness, Verse 5: “Your petition [to the high council for forgiveness] will not be granted unto you. And from henceforth you shall not ascend [back] into heaven unto all eternity, and in bonds of the earth the decree has gone forth to bind you for all the days of the world.”; https://ia801001.us.archive.org/19/items/TheCompleteBookOfEnochStandardEnglishVersionJayWinter/The%20Complete%20Book%20of%20Enoch%2C%20Standard%20English%20Version%20-%20Jay%20Winter.pdf
137. Two seals discovered in the (c. 2500-1750 BC) from the DK area of Mohenjo Daro and one graffiti have representations of sea-going ships. There are two birds, forward and aft which seem to be dishakak used for finding direction. “It was common to carry such birds aboard, because their infallible flight towards the land when released helped the mariners in locating the direction of the land.” The biblical Noah kept a raven and a dove in his ark and let them out at intervals to find out dry land. ~Mathew, K. S. (2018). Shipbuilding, Navigation and the Portuguese in Pre-modern India. Routledge. p. 32. ISBN 978-1-351-58833-1.

Related